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In this paper, we developed a photovoltaic array reconfiguration algorithm to maximize the power that an array can provide a load. The algorithm reconfigures the array such that each element of the array is operated at its maximum power point. A switch topology was also designed to implement the algorithm using the minimum number of switches. Two parameters are used by the algorithm: array loaded...
The adder circuit is used as a main component in the multiplier circuits. The Baugh-Wooley, Braun and CSA multipliers are designed by using our proposed adder cell. The proposed adder circuit is designed by using Shannon theorem. The multiplier circuits are schematised by using DSCH2 VLSI CAD tool and their layouts are generated by using Microwind 3 VLSI CAD tool. The proposed adder based multiplier...
This paper describes the design and realization of a 4??4 Butler matrix as a beam forming network along with 4 linear antenna arrays to obtain four steerable beams, operating at 2.4 GHz. The simulation results are obtained using FEKO software. Further the concept of multibeam switching is discussed with an idea of suspended feed in between two matrices.
In this paper we investigate the impact of fading correlation at the receiving elements of a compact antenna array in a relay assisted cooperative scheme in single-input multiple-output (SIMO) configuration with one or multiple relays operating in amplify-and-forward mode. We assume that the source and the relay terminals are each equipped with one antenna, while the destination terminal is equipped...
This paper presents a flexible method of achieving either fixed or self-adaptive antenna beamforming. It involves the use of an array image factor ??d, which interfaces an RLS and LMS sections in cascade to form the RLMS beamforming algorithm. It is shown that an accurate fixed beam can be obtained by prior setting the elements of ??d with prescribed values for the required direction. Moreover, the...
This paper proposes a sizing procedure based on the observed extremes of solar radiation. This is different from the conventional way of PV system sizing, which is based on the average characteristics of the synthesized solar radiation. Since sizing for a photovoltaic (PV) system is an important area in the application of solar energy, the theoretical aspects of sizing formulas and loss of power probability...
Decomposition of time reversal operator (DORT) method is developed based on iterative time reversal technique and eigenvector decomposition for scattering analysis. This method involves the determination of the invariant of the time-reversal operator (TRO) obtained by singular value decomposition of the array response matrix. A recent work has used DORT method to characterize an elastic cylindrical...
This paper proposes Taguchi's method for design of experiments to test market splitting algorithm of an electric power exchange. Such a mechanism is required because price-volume pairs of a trader are usually bound by confidentiality requirement and hence not available as test data. We also propose a novel and simple market splitting heuristic considering congestion management problem in a meshed...
Digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) for digital audio broadcasting (DAB) is proposed using 0.18 ??m CMOS process parameters with 1.8 V supply voltage. In this paper, the proposed DCO consist of tri-state inverter array and calibration block. Tri-state inverter array is 5-stage ring oscillator and each stage has 160 tri-state inverters. Calibration block is composed of 64 NMOS pass transistors and...
Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) are drawing increasing interest because of its performance, power consumption and configurability. They execute wide range of parallelizable algorithms which changes in accordance to variations in wireless channel statistics are utilized in smart antenna array embedded systems. In this article, we've described the FPGA implementation of a QRD processor that enables...
In this paper, an efficient multi-scale level set method is proposed to track a non-rigid object contour in real time. The proposed algorithm consists of two cycles which are carried out in different scale domains. In the first cycle on the coarse scale, the algorithm evolves the contour depending on the observed data. In the other cycle on the fine scale, the smoothness regularization is imposed...
As today's digital cameras contain millions of image sensors, it is highly probable that the image sensors will contain a few defective pixels due to errors in the fabrication process. While these bad pixels would normally be mapped out in the manufacturing process, more defective pixels, known as hot pixels, could appear over time with camera usage. Since some hot pixels can still function at normal...
Genetic Algorithms have been a very effective tool in solving highly non-linear problems in various disciplines. They are capable of finding an acceptable solution, even if number of acceptable solutions happens to be very small percentage of the total number of possible solutions. However the convergence rate may become very slow when the solution space happens to be very large and rugged. In this...
The effective design of semiconductor memory pertaining to the power consumption, speed and area penalty has always been the crucial task in embedded computing applications. The work presented in this paper is exact and innovative mathematical model based implementation of 32 kb SRAM optimized for power and speed. The model has been developed for a cell, array, and pre-charge, I/Os and periphery devices...
Minimally invasive surgery is a favorable choice for many operations. But it suffers from lack of tactile sensing information when grasping and handling of tissues. Sole force information in grasper-tissue interface cannot represent the firmness of the grasping nor is sufficient for guaranteeing safety of tissue while handling it. Measurement of stiffness in the grasper-tissue interface is proposed...
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