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Tools are necessary for the DoD to analyze their information system's security, reliability, and resilience against cyber attack. Today's security analysis utilize real systems such as computers, network routers and other network equipment, computer emulations (e.g., virtual machines) and simulation models separately to analyze interplay between threats and safeguards. In contrast, we are developing...
In February 2006, the Department of Defense (DoD) Chief Information Officer (CIO) issued a memorandum with the subject heading, ??Department of Defense Policy for Transmission of Internet Protocol Over DoD-Leased and DoD-Owned Transponded Satellite Communications Systems?? explaining the need to provide a single solution that supports direct interoperability between users, maximizes bandwidth-on-demand...
A number of large-scale applications require 10 Gbps data transport rates between high-performance computing, storage and file systems, which are connected over wide-area networks. Achieving such capability requires end-to-end optimization of all required hardware and software components including: (i) long haul SONET or 10 GigE connections; (ii) transport protocols such as TCP and UDT, (iii) encryption...
In this paper I propose an approach to retrofit delay and disruption tolerance directly into the Internet Protocol. I discuss the benefits, limitations, and architectural implications - within the context of end-to-end arguments for the Internet and secure IP-based black core networks - of this retrofit.
The DARPA CORONET program is laying the foundations for a next generation IP-over-optical network that supports 100 Tbps of traffic and provides rapid, on-demand, switched wavelength services. The wavelength services are very dynamic, with setup times of 100 ms and holding times as short as a few seconds to a minute. A major management challenge is designing a provisioning protocol for the dynamic...
Management of the devices in a Wideband SATCOM enterprise Earth terminal facility (ETF) is currently fragmented among multiple systems, and some of these legacy systems provide only limited functionality. This paper describes the architecture of a consolidated system to manage the elements of an ETF. Such a system can offer a number of benefits. First, the ETF management system can provide a consolidated,...
In cryptographically-partitioned networks, data within a packet can be used by routers in the plain-text enclaves to make quality of service (QoS) and precedence and preemption (P&P) decisions in regards to forwarding the packet and allocating resources for flows. However, while in a cipher-text shared transit network, the packet is encrypted and is opaque to routers in the transit network and...
This research advances Cyber Situation Management by proposing methods for automated mapping of Cyber Assets to Missions and Users (Camus). To enable accurate and efficient cyber incident mission impact assessment, a Camus ontology that defines entities, relationships and attributes (ERAs) associated with them has been drafted. Methods for fusing data from multiple data sources have been developed...
Similar to the customer / service provider network model that exists in the Internet today, the Department of Defense's (DoD's) Global Information Grid (GIG) will consist of various customer networks (Army, Navy, etc.) that interconnect over a common core. Customer networks will source and sink IP traffic, and a transit network(s) will provide connectivity between geographically disparate customer...
Traditionally, digital signal processing (DSP) is performed using fixed-point or integer arithmetic. The algorithm is carefully mapped into a limited dynamic range, and scaled through each function in the datapath. This requires numerous rounding and saturation steps, and can adversely affect the algorithm performance. Use of floating-point arithmetic provides a large dynamic range and greatly simplifies...
The FlexNet-Waveform (FN-WF) is a new, highly-configurable MANET waveform for the international ground-based SDR arena, designed for the new FlexNet-One and FlexNet-Four hardware platforms. To ensure maximum compatibility and interoperability, the FN-WF assumes an IP-based platform with standard COTS protocols on the wired, Ethernet connections, while the wireless links utilize the best practices...
This paper presents an analysis of satellite communications (SATCOM) systems that use Internet protocol (IP) with quality of service (QoS) metrics, and addresses IP efficiency measures. Key contributing elements for the IP efficiency are network structure, provisional efficiency, and bandwidth-on-demand features. IP bandwidth gains will also depend on the network size, the level of hierarchy, and...
This paper discusses the database structure of an RF taxonomy modeling tool being developed on a Missile Defense Agency (MDA), Phase II, Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) augmentation contract. The tool is called the communications system taxonomy (CommTax) toolkit. The data model underlying the Commtax toolkit will be available to other users as a framework for the transfer of data to other...
Traditional approaches for testing MANET protocols and applications prior to field experimentation often involve simulation tools or small-sized physical testbeds. However, simulation tools typically do not run in real-time and rely on simplified models rather than a real system, while physical testbeds are prohibitively expensive to build and operate. A more practical method is to use emulation tools...
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is ubiquitous, sophisticated, and effective. It also prevents the innovation needed to improve delivery of Internet services to the wireless tactical edge of DOD operations. We argue in this paper that TCP should be used as a short-range local access protocol for COTS compatibility rather than as the primary end-to-end transport protocol for the tactical GIG...
Leveraging the Defense Information Systems Agency's (DISA) experience on the Tactical Services Provider (TSP) Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD), this paper analyzes the security weaknesses and vulnerabilities of mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) in the TSP architecture and explains DISA's approach to deploying an integrated, multi-layer Information Assurance...
Testing of applications for tactical MANETs poses a special technical challenge due to the difficulty of conducting experiments in an ad hoc network environment at a scale larger than a few nodes. One approach is to conduct experiments in a testbed that can imitate a tactical MANET to the highest feasible level of fidelity. For applications, this is achieved by executing unmodified software under...
This work addresses the development of an ECN-based MBAC algorithm for use over HAIPE. The proposed MBAC resides at the red enclaves, but leverages the ECN, which is defined in RFC 3168 and can be activated at the existing black routers. With these MBAC capabilities, ad-mission control policies are generated at the red enclaves to react to the black core congestion without the need to pass information...
Tactical mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have a continued growth in bandwidth demand mainly driven by the introduction of new user services and applications. Everything over IP is one of the main requirements of the next generation tactical MANETs. As part of an initial investigation to provide enhanced tactical IP networking capabilities, an adaptive VHF/UHF system that attempts to satisfy the mobility,...
With the continuing launch of the wideband global satellite communications (WGS) constellation, the Department of Defense (DoD) will have the opportunity to transition many existing military satellite communications networks from commercial satellite bandwidth to the military-owned satellite resources. Transition to WGS will provide the warfighter with additional capacity to augment future satellite...
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