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The family of intelligent IPS-drivers was invented to drive high power IGBT modules with blocking voltages up to 6,500 V. They may be used use in industrial drives, power supplies, transportation, renewable energies as well as induction heating applications. The IPS- drivers decrease the switching losses and offer a reliable protection for high power IGBT modules. Varying the software enables an easy...
Dynamic performances of a wind turbine generating system consisting of series connected wind generator/rectifiers and a current source thyristor inverter are discussed. A simulation model for the whole system including the wind turbines is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the system for the case of two wind turbine/generators. It is shown that the tip speed ratios of the individual turbines...
This paper presents a three-level three-phase neutral-point-clamped back-to-back converter applied to a wind emulator, where a wind power generator is connected to the grid through the back-to-back converter. The converter regulates the power extracted from the generator and controls how this power is injected to the grid with the desired power factor. Two phase locked loops are in charge of synchronizing...
This paper describes the modelling and control of a micro-wind generation system, based on an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), for isolated low power DC micro grids. The system consists of a micro-wind turbine including a furling tail, a PMSG, a three phase diode rectifier and a buck converter connected to a battery bank and a load. Furthermore, it incorporates a control system...
In future grid codes wind farms will have to fulfill demanding fault ride through requirements. Among several grid faults the voltage swell is a critical event. Wind farms with doubly-fed induction generators will not be able to fulfill the new grid code requirements without additional fault mitigation equipment. In this publication the applicability of the dynamic voltage restorer and the static...
This paper studies different energy transmission solutions for AC offshore wind farms. This transmission of energy is based on AC submarine cables that present a strong capacitive behavior. Therefore, an analysis is necessary to determine transmission characteristics such as, the number of submarine cables, voltage or rated power. For that purpose, three different transmission configurations will...
This paper proposes an electronic device that emulates the electric power generated by complete wind systems in order to test alkaline water electrolysers under real operating conditions typical of wind regimes. This Wind Emulator has a rated power of 10 kW. It is first validated by means of experimental tests in order to probe its performance concerning quickness, accuracy and reliability. Afterwards,...
With the increased use of wind energy the power generation several Transmission System Operators (TSO) have increasing difficulties for congestion forecasting due to the unpredictable nature of the energy source. This paper proposes to enhance the congestion management using a real time supervisor. This supervisor is developed to perform automatic and dynamic re-dispatching using both wind and conventional...
Three-level (3L) neutral point clamped (NPC), flying capacitor (FC), and H-bridge (HB) voltage source converters (VSCs) as a grid-side full-scale medium voltage (MV) converter are modeled, controlled, and simulated for the grid connection of a hypothetical 6MW wind turbine. Via the converter topological features and the simulation results demonstrating the converter performance, these three 3L-VSCs...
In this paper, the low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capabilities of an hybrid wind plant is studied. The hybrid wind plant considered combines fixed speed wind turbines (FSWTs) based on classical induction generator and full power converter variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs) with permanent magnet generator. However, it must be able to respect grid code requirements. A specific control of the variable...
This paper encompasses the study of modelling and design of WECS, using a wind turbine with known dynamic characteristics and a permanent magnet synchronous generator driven by a back to back power converter topology. The dynamic modeling allows to know the response of the turbine generator system in the whole range of operation. In this study, it is proposed a variable structure control scheme with...
This paper investigates embedding Energy Storage (ES) with multiple wind turbines in order to deliver to the grid a smooth and constant power as demanded by the system operator. The demand power is shared by DFIGs proportional to their ratings utilizing classical voltage and frequency droop characteristics. The paper addresses the system control methodologies for delivering constant power to the grid...
Low voltage ride through (LVRT) of squirrel cage induction generators in wind farms is challenging due to the large required reactive power after low voltage period. Reactive power compensation with shunt compensation can improve the LVRT capability, but requires a large rating. The alternative use of series compensation is studied. Series compensation is based on increasing the reactive power transfer...
A new method for Grid connection of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind power generation system relying on DPC principles is presented. This control method, called Direct Power Control for Grid Connection (DPCGC), is particularly very simple and gives fast response of the stator voltage to meet the synchronization conditions. Indeed the fact that the efficiency of the widely known control...
In the present study, a novel small permanent magnet generator is proposed. Various characteristics are analyzed using the FEM. A suitable structure for high power and low cogging torque is investigated. Low-cogging-torque characteristics can be achieved by optimization of the auxiliary pole shape. The proposed generator is a low cogging torque generator that operates at low speeds and so is expected...
In a recently proposed converter system for offshore wind farms, single-phase medium-frequency (MF) transformers replace the conventional three-phase line-frequency transformers that convert the electricity from the wind turbine generators to high voltage. MF operation allows a reduction of the transformer size and weight, thus leading to a compact and efficient design, which minimizes the installation...
This paper encompasses a comparative study of techniques for position and speed estimation applied to wind energy conversion systems (WECS), connected to a distribution grid by means of a back to back converter. In the context of low and medium power wind energy conversion systems, the robustness of several sensorless techniques are studied taking into account the tolerance of the PMSG parameters.
In this paper a methodology of sizing optimization of the stand-alone hybrid energy systems is presented. This approach makes use of a deterministic algorithm to suggest, among a list of commercially available system devices, the optimal number and type of units ensuring that the total costs of the autonomous hybrid wind/PV/Diesel, wind/Diesel and PV/Diesel energy systems are minimized while guaranteeing...
The energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) has been developed in 2000 to develop control of electric drives. Since 2002 this graphical tool has been introduced to teach drive control in France, then Canada, Switzerland and China. The University of Lille proposes two drive control units using EMR for students in electrical engineering: initiation level and expert level. A first paper has described...
The amount of electricity generated by wind power converters is world wide steadily growing. In many countries it has become a political and public interest to support this development. From the wind park owner side of view it is of essential interest to generate and sell as much electricity as possible. With increasing shares of wind energy in the electrical power supply, their influence on the mains...
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