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BiFeO3-PbTiO3-based materials have the potential to be used as high temperature piezoelectrics and are candidate multiferroic materials. Two drawbacks are the significant conductivity and the apparently low mobility of ferroelastic domain walls. Both may be influenced by aliovalent doping. Here we have investigated a number of B-site dopants, including manganese, plus B-site non-stoichiometry (i.e...
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Silver lithium niobate (Ag0.9Li0.1Nb0.3, ALN10) single crystals were grown by a slow cooling method without flux under oxygen flow. By optimizing growth conditions, the ALN10 crystals with sizes of ca. 30 mm cube were successfully grown. Its crystal symmetry was investigated by high energy X-ray diffraction, and the space group at 24??C was assigned to the ferroelectric Pc21b orthorhombic symmetry...
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The anisotropy of polarization and strain behavior in textured Bi0.5(Na0.85K0.15)0.5TiO3 ceramics are investigated for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics actuators. The textured Bi0.5(Na0.85K0.15)0.5TiO3 ceramics are fabricated by reactive templated grain growth (RTGG) using plate-like Bi4Ti3O12 particles. RTGG[//] (sliced parallel to the casting direction) and RTGG[//] (sliced perpendicularly to the...
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By analyzing Landau's phenomenological thermodynamic potential, we propose a few ways to assess the importance of eighth-power terms and to verify the temperature dependence of the anharmonic coefficients. It is demonstrated that the eighth-power terms should be substantially involved for the adequate description of the thermodynamic behavior of BaTiO3 around the cubic-tetragonal phase transition...
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The dielectric measurement for microscopic area of multi-layer ceramics capacitor was carried out by microwave microscope using non-contact microwave probe. The phase of incidence microwave for sample was fixed to ??2 in order to realize accurate measurement of sample. The spatial resolution for dielectric measurement was increased based on Kirchhoff's diffraction theory with decreasing coaxial cable...
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New technology is offered for measuring and control of light intensity. In the proposed method the phenomenon of acoustical activity and Bragg light diffraction on hypersonic waves in ferroelectric crystal LiNbO3 is used. Control of light intensity can be realized by transference of crystal or by modification of generator frequency by which the transverse acoustic wave is excited. The change of light...
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Ferroelectric materials are intrinsically multifunctional and have found a broad range of applications. A new class of semicrystalline terpolymers comprising vinylidene fluoride (VDF), trifluoroethylene (TrFE), and 1,1-chlorofluoroethylene (CFE), were prepared at the Institut Franco-Allem and de Recherches in Saint-Louis (ISL) via a suspension polymerization process. Relevant studies and results show...
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Polarization reversal in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ferroelectric films was followed by a novel technique of cross-sectional piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM). Instead of the traditional scanning of the top surface of ferroelectric thin films, the domain structure across the cross section is visualized. The probing AC electric field is applied to the capacitor structure between top and bottom electrodes resulting...
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Piezoelectric micro machined ultrasonic transducers (pMUT) are piezoelectric laminated plates operating at flexural modes. The pMUT's fabricated in this work contained a 4 ??m thick lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film deposited by a sol-gel technique, and exhibiting a permittivity of ??r= 1200, and an effective transverse piezoelectric coefficient e31,f of 12 C/m2. A further optimization of the...
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We studied the influence of Mn doping on electromechanical properties of PZN-xPT with x = 7% and 9%. Single crystals oriented along the [111], [011] and [001] directions were poled by a "field cooling" process with an applied electric field of 1 kV/cm. It is shown that Mn doping has a significant influence on the single domain crystals in both cases. It modifies the phase symmetry of single...
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In this study, in order to develop low temperature sintering piezoelectric ceramics for LTCC (low-temperature co-fired ceramic) multilayer piezoelectric actuator, PMW-PMN-PZT ceramics using 0.2 wt% Li2CO3 and 0.25 wt% CaCO3 as sintering aids were investigated according to the variation of PMW substitution. The composition ceramics could be sintered at 900degC by adding sintering aids. As the amount...
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We studied the electromechanical properties of PMN-PT and PZN-PT single crystal plates poled along [001] with thickness t ranging from 800 down to 70 mum. In the case of the tetragonal single domain state (IT), the properties of the thickness mode remain stable down to 250 mum. Below 250 mum, an instability of the polarization is shown. The plates exhibit regions where polarization lies in the plane...
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Relaxor ferroelectric single crystal, PMN-PT, has great potential to be an innovative piezoelectric material in both actuator and transducer applications. Large-size PMN-PT single crystals with diameter of 40-50 mm have been successfully grown along different crystallographic directions, including <111>, <110> and <001>, by Bridgman technique at TRS Technologies. The current status...
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It has been reported that fluorine ions (F-) can substitute for oxygen ions (O2-) in small amounts in barium titanate and act as electron donors. While fluorine is not usually an impurity in barium titanate, this work suggests that ions such as Cl- or (OH)-, that can be impurities, might behave similarly to F-. Cl- ions can be present in barium titanate made using barium chloride and/or titanium chloride,...
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The integration of embedded DuPont ceramic capacitors and HiK polyimide based planar capacitor materials in IC packages has been investigated by a joint program between DuPont and Georgia Institute of Technology packaging research center (PRC). Test vehicles with different types of structures were designed, fabricated and tested for individual device characterization. The test vehicles included embedded...
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Cubic perovskite-structured platelike SrTiO3 particles were synthesized by topochemical microcrystal conversion (TMC) method from platelike precursor of layer-structured SrBi4Ti4O15 particles. SrTiO3 particles inherited the shape of precursor particles having a thickness of about 0.5 microns and a width of 5-10 microns. X-ray diffraction measurement of cast particles on glass substrate elucidated...
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Typically, in the microstructure of X7R dielectrics, a certain amount of grains with core-shell structure are required to achieve acceptable temperature dependence of capacitance. However, as the thickness of the dielectric layers is reduced, it is increasingly difficult to maintain the core-shell structure in the thin dielectric layers while still achieving both, high capacitance and good reliability...
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Dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric thin films are getting more and more attention for next generation mobile communication and medical systems. Thin film technologies based on dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric thin films enable system-in-package (SiP) devices, resulting in optimal integration of various functions in one module with respect to high performance, small size and low...
