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In 2002 the Hydrosphere State Mission (Hydros) was selected by NASA as the alternate mission for a flight opportunity under its Earth System Science Pathfinder program. The Hydros mission objective was to collect the first global scale measurements of the Earth's soil moisture and land surface freeze/thaw conditions, using a combined L band radiometer and radar system operating at 1.41 and 1.26 GHz,...
Radar remote sensing of soil moisture content at low frequencies requires an accurate scattering model of realistic soils, which often involves multilayer rough surfaces and inhomogeneous dielectric profiles. In this paper, a hybrid analytical/numerical solution to two- dimensional scattering from multilayer rough surfaces separated by arbitrary dielectric profiles based on the extended boundary condition...
Validation is a challenging task for passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture from Earth orbit. The key issue is spatial scale; conventional measurements of soil moisture are made at a point, whereas satellite sensors provide an integrated area/volume value for a much larger spatial extent. A robust validation program should include as many types of comparisons as possible and must attempt...
This paper describes the characteristics of vegetation condition index (VCI), temperature condition index (TCI), normalized differential water index (NDWI) and vegetation health index (VHI), and uses the relationship between above indices and relative soil moisture to evaluate the index adaptation. The analysis means that different indices have different adaptation. NDWI is not sensitive to the drought...
Retrieval of soil moisture under corn canopies has been investigated by many researchers and is still a problem that is not fully assessed. Corn is an organized canopy. This feature produces effects not observed from natural canopies. One such effect is the dependence of sensor response on the azimuthal direction. The aim of this study is to explore these distinguishing effects by Monte-Carlo simulations.
A novel methodology is introduced for quantifying the added value of remotely-sensed soil moisture products for global land surface modeling applications. The approach is based on the assimilation of soil moisture retrievals into a simple surface water balance model driven by satellite-based precipitation products. Filter increments (i.e. discrete additions or subtractions of water suggested by the...
This study demonstrates the impacts of land water, dry snow cover, and terrain at sub-pixel scale on soil estimation through numerical simulations. We will demonstrate the quantity of the above different factors contributing to the errors on the soil moisture estimation.
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