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Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been gaining increasing popularity in orthopedics and oral and maxillofacial surgery because of its potential efficacy in enhancing bone regeneration. To maximally augment bone healing using PRP and to control the bioavailability of the relevant growth factors, we have designed an alginate hydrogel-based PRP-delivery system. The bioactivity of the growth factors released...
It is estimated that over 200 million people worldwide have osteoporosis. The prevalence of osteoporosis is continuing to escalate with the increasingly elderly population. The major complication of osteoporosis is an increase in fragility fractures leading to morbidity, mortality, and decreased quality of life. This investigation aimed at profiling the incidence and risk of osteoporosis in adult...
In this paper, we present a segmentation method for the hip joint from 3D ultrasound data. The proposed approach starts from a well-known energy formulation of the segmentation problem, and employs the extended local structure tensor as image feature in order to incorporate gray level and texture information in a common framework. Using the Kullback-Leibler distance as an intrinsic dissimilarity measure,...
Osteoarthritis (OA) of knee is the most commonly occurring non-fatal irreversible disease, mainly in the elderly population and particularly in female. Various invasive and non-invasive methods are reported for the diagnosis of this articular cartilage pathology. Well known techniques such as X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopy and arthrography are having their disadvantages,...
Meniscal tears are a common occurrence in the human knee joint. Orthopaedic surgeons routinely perform surgery to remove a portion of the torn meniscus. This surgery is referred to as a partial meniscectomy. It has been shown that individuals who have decreased amount of meniscus are likely to develop knee osteoarthritis. This research presents the analysis of the stresses in the knee joint upon various...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the gene expression of four bone-related adhesive proteins during the early healing of bone defect and bone-implant interface in animal experiments. T-shaped hollow pure titanium implants with dual acid-etched surfaces were placed into femurs of 17 Sprague-Dawley rats, and bone defects with the same size were made in the same site in 15 rats. Newly formed...
The surgical treatments of genital prolapsus are still empirical and poorly valued. We plan to achieve a method for the objective assessment of the troubles of the pelvic statics and of the various surgical strategies. The methodology considers 3 axes: building a 3D mechanical model of the pelvic cavity, mechanical characterization of the concerned organic tissues, in-vivo measurement of the intravaginal...
In this paper we investigated on the possibility of using a wearable kinesthetic system for monitoring flexion-extension of the knee joint during deambulation. The final goal was to provide an unobtrusive technique to identify the clinical stage of the recovery process of patients affected by venous ulcer. These patients have great difficulty in walking depending on the severity level of disease and...
Currently available bone grafts present certain limitations such as donor-site morbidity for autografts and risk of disease transmission for allografts. These limitations suggest a need for alternative strategies. The use of polymer/ceramic composites as scaffolds for trabecular bone tissue engineering capitalizes on the benefits of both materials. Polymers are easily formed and shaped and add structural...
Tissue engineered constructs have the potential to be used as replacements for current bone graft technologies. One component necessary for bone tissue engineering is a readily available, osteogenic cell source. Human dermal fibroblasts may have the potential to differentiate along an osteoblastic lineage, making them a candidate for use in bone tissue engineering applications. The objective of this...
We studied the neuromuscular mechanical properties of the elbow and ankle joints in chronic, hemiparetic stroke patients and healthy subjects. System identification techniques were used to characterize the mechanical abnormalities of these joints and to identify the contribution of intrinsic and reflex stiffness to these abnormalities. Modulation of intrinsic and reflex stiffness with the joint angle...
This paper presents a phantom study that was conducted for an ultrasound-guided shoulder arthroscopy navigation system. The navigation system uses a surface model generated from pre-operative computed tomography images, which has to be registered to the patient during the procedure. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal regions on the scapula bone of the shoulder to achieve an acceptable...
In this paper, we build a mathematical model of the whole-body neuromuscular network and identify its parameters by optical motion capture, inverse dynamics computation, and statistical analysis. The model includes a skeleton, a musculotendon network, and a neuromuscular network. The skeleton is composed of 155 joints representing the inertial property and mobility of the human body. The musculotendon...
A parametric 2D finite element model was developed for lower cervical spine (C3-C7) in sagital plane in this research. Being parametric, this model facilitates making changes in the geometrical sizes as well as omitting or modifying some parts of it in order to build a new model with special purposes. Application of geometrical parameters, the values of which differ from one vertebra to the other...
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals that serve as promising alternatives to organic dyes for cell labeling. Because of their unique spectral, physical and chemical properties, QDs are useful for concurrently monitoring several intercellular and intracellular interactions in live normal cells and cancer cells over periods ranging from less than a second to over several days (several divisions...
The skull is a tissue with a widely controversial range of conductivity values. This article correlates live skull conductivity measurements with post mortem conductivity measurements with a scaling factor ranging between 2.5 and 4. The scaling factor is validated by a mathematical model that determines the skull conductivity using saline and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) conductivities and correlated...
In this study, we report that the sequential application of physiologic deformational loading after culturing with the growth factor TGF-beta3 (for 2-3 weeks) yields significantly stiffer chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs than cultures in which deformational loading was applied during the initial 2-3 week TGF-beta3 exposure period. Using this culture protocol, engineered constructs were found...
Soft tissues such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) connect to bone tissue through a characteristic fibrocartilagenous interface. This interface is essential for load transfer between soft and hard tissues, and its absence is the primary cause of graft failure post ACL reconstruction surgeries. Currently, the mechanism of interface regeneration is not known. Based on in vivo observations that...
A series of novel self-crosslinkable and biodegradable polymers; poly(hexamethylene carbonate-fumarate), poly(hexamethylene carbonate) diacrylate and their amphiphilic copolymers with polyethylene glycol, poly(ethylene glycol fumarate-co-hexamethylene carbonate-fumarate) (PEGF-co-PHMCF) were developed for tissue engineering using novel synthesis approach. These novel polymers were fully characterized...
A method is presented to validate the segmentation of computed tomography (CT) image sequences, and im prove the accuracy and efficiency of the subsequent registration of the 3D surfaces that are reconstructed from the segmented slices. The method compares the shapes of contours extracted from neighborhoods of slices in CT stacks of tibias. The bone is first segmented by an automatic segmentation...
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