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This paper describes guidelines for the safety analysis of automotive systems that conform to IEC 61508, and which give advice on safety management, system modeling, hazard identification and classification, risk assessment and safety validation.
This paper presents a means to determine in-service availability of systems and equipment in a rigorous and consistent manner so that the predicted reliabilities and/or levels of safety can be assured. In addition to validation of predicted system reliability performance, overall levels of safety can be improved by providing clear evidence to support reductions in the amount of intrusive maintenance...
The public private partnership (PPP) contract was put in place to manage and upgrade the infrastructure of the London underground network in addition to recovering the backlog from years of underinvestment. Tube lines, as the company responsible for the Jubilee, Northern & Piccadilly Lines, have developed an innovative approach to modelling safety risks as part of our overall asset management...
This paper shares the author's experiences of a study and subsequent practical application of structured methods, including goal structuring notation and Bayesian networks, in developing safety arguments.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are set to become part of every day air traffic operations perhaps within the next few years; however there are significant challenges that must be addressed in order to seamlessly introduce UAVs into non-segregated airspace. This paper discusses some of the identified safety challenges in achieving this objective, taking a rigorous look at how one might argue the safety...
High integrity applications, such as those performing safety or security critical functions, are usually built to conform to standards such RTCA DO-178B or UK Def Stan 00-55. Typically such standards define ascending levels of criticality each of which requires a different and increasingly onerous level of verification. It is very common to find that real systems contain code of several different...
This paper gives a closer look on the subject of the conversion of a conventional metro line into a fully automated operation without interrupting or disturbing the service. In the introduction, we present the Line 1 Automation project as one of the principal aspects of Paris metro's network modernization plan announced by the Regie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP). Next we explain why the...
This article is part of an experience feedback project for the improvement of flight safety. The work primarily consists in the development of a description language of pilot's activity, in order to allow the modeling of piloting missions. This language aims 10 compare a reference activity (the envisaged mission) with the real activity (the actual mission). To do so, a calculus operator is created...
Swarm Intelligence provides us with a powerful new paradigm for building fully distributed decentralised systems in which overall system functionality emerges from the interaction of individual agents with each other and with their environment. Such systems are intrinsically highly parallel and can exhibit high levels of robustness and scalability; qualities desirable in high-integrity distributed...
The thinking behind human factors guidance in support of IEC 61508 and 61511 is outlined. The structure and content of the guidance is described as being in two major parts. The first part comprises qualitative guidance on human factors within the safety lifecycle, human factors integration plans and the principal concerns of employing human factors processes techniques and knowledge for safety-related...
System safety professionals, both researchers and practitioners, who regularly read accident reports reap important benefits. These benefits include an improved ability to separate myths from reality, including both myths about specific accidents and ones concerning accidents in general; an increased understanding of the consequences of unlikely events, which can help inform future designs; a greater...
Accidents and incidents are extensively analysed. The results of the analyses are used to provide recommendations for avoidance of accidents in the future. Work by Leveson and Rasmussen seeks to extend such analyses to take account of the processes used to deal with the conflict between safety and efficiency. This paper notes that there appears to be little published work analysing successful systems...
Before privatisation, UK utilities managed infrastructure works with large direct labour forces. Over the last 15 years these works have been increasingly outsourced to a new industry. Work patterns and cultural factors have changed significantly. Health, safety and environmental management are important parts of the contracting process. Outsourcing requires both the operational (engineering) and...
In the domain of software development, agile techniques are increasingly being used to improve the development process. Agile software development relies in part on rapid feedback of working software products to validate user requirements. There has been some effort to introduce agility in security-critical systems, using an explicit representation of security concerns known as an iterative security...
This paper discusses practices for risk assessment from different application domains and proposes an engineering approach towards risk assessment starting from user requirements. A new approach for a semi-quantitative risk assessment method based on sound engineering principles is proposed.
The paper describes the practical application and tailoring of the relevant parts of the standard, and in particular the development of a deterministic matrix approach to aid in the specification of required safety performance for protection systems. The assessment and engineering substantiation of protection systems is an intrinsic part of the continuing safety case management for nuclear facilities...
Statistical testing (ST) of software or logic-based components can produce dependability information on such components by yielding an estimate for their probability of failure on demand. An example of software-based components that are increasingly used within safety-related systems e.g. in the nuclear industry, are smart devices. Smart devices are devices with intelligence, capable of more than...
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