Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has shown promising results in characterizing different crops. Multi-temporal SAR data is often useful for studying the sensitivity of the electromagnetic (EM) waves to the structural and the dielectric variation of both crops and the underlying soil at different phenological stages. Physical information about crops and soil can be interpreted in terms of scattering mechanisms using polarimetric descriptors. In this study, the potential of the Touzi eigenvalue-eigenvector decomposition parameters is analyzed for Leaf Area Index (LAI) and soil moisture variations over the phenophases of wheat crop. The AgriSAR 2006 campaign E-SAR L-band full polarimetric SAR data were used in this study. It was observed that the crop phenological parameters could be justifiably associated with the two dominant Touzi parameters, symmetric scattering type magnitude (αs1) and the phase (ϕαs1), for phenological assessment.