Based on the contents monitoring of ammonia nitrogen, TN, TP and COD in the sediments, the distribution of pollutants in the sediments along the Yuan River were analyzed. Through the contrast of pollutants contents between water and sediment in the same site, the sources of pollutants in the sediments were studied, from which it can be concluded that the concentrations in the river water are not higher correspondingly where the contents in the sediments are higher. It provides the basis to maintain the ecological health of rivers and make use of the water resources rationally along the Yuan River.