This paper discusses several important problems reiated to the human capitai and knowledge sector in Poland, including policy of the state in those matters and the roie of the fundamental values. After descnbing current conditions, which influence human resources and knowledge sector in Poland, generał framework for the state policy in those matters is being presented. The paper calls for synchronization and coordination of the policy of the state related to the knowledge sector, which consists of all levels of education (especially HE), science and R&D. Finally the article discusses 2 possible variants of the development of the knowledge sector in Poland in the nearest future: pessimistic and optimistic one.