The article is a polemic against the opinions of Kazimierz Godlowski and Michał Parczewski, who argue that the primeval homeland of the Slavs was located in the upper and the northern part of the middle river basin of the Dnieper. The author points to the inconsistencies and contradictions in archaeological argumentation and also serious heuristic and methodological deficiencies concerning the use of source data of history and linguistics. On the basis of the information from these disciplines - used in a more extensive, more critical and methodologically correct manner - especially this connected with linguistic proto-kinship, in particular the lexical one, and taking into account the characteristic archaic hydronymic and toponymic areas, additionally, increasing the corpus and critically analysing a cognitive value of the written sources, the author formulates a theory that the proto-settlements of the Slavs may not have been located along the Dnieper, where the Balts had their permanent settlements, but mainly in the river basins of the Vistula, the Oder and partly the Elbe, that is in the lands between the southern Baltic and the Carpathians, Sudeten and the Rudavy. Original article printed with German abstract.