In this study, Ti-6Al-4V dovetail joint specimens which highly simulate the attachment between the blade and disk of fan stages in a certain gas turbine engine were designed and used in fretting fatigue experiments. The fretting wear mechanism was characterized using a bench level experimental method. The effect of shot-peening on both fretting wear mechanism and fretting fatigue property was evaluated. The results indicated that shot-peening transformed the fretting wear behavior, altered the dominant crack initiation mechanism and dramatically promoted the fretting fatigue performance of Ti-6Al-4V dovetail joint specimens. Different reinforcement mechanisms of the multiple surface modifications created by shot-peening were also analyzed and summarized in this study.