This article seeks to explore the development of the biomedical model of health and illness, against an historical background. The value of taking a social model of health is discussed, in relation to perceptions of impairment, disability and handicap. The effects of stereotyped expectations are identified and the experience of living with disability, as described by the individual, included. Reference is made to labelling theory and stigma. The benefits of taking a social constructionist viewpoint are outlined in the concluding paragraph.