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The [PSI + ] prion of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was first identified by Brian Cox some 40 years ago as a non-Mendelian genetic element that modulated the efficiency of nonsense suppression. Following the suggestion by Reed Wickner in 1994 that such elements might be accounted for by invoking a prion-based model, it was subsequently established that the [PSI + ] determinant...
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae prion [URE3] is the infectious amyloid form of the Ure2p protein. [URE3] provides a useful model system for studying amyloid formation and stability in vivo. When grown in the presence of a good nitrogen source, [URE3] cells are able to take up ureidosuccinate, an intermediate in uracil biosynthesis, while cells lacking the [URE3] prion can not. This ability to take up...
The glutamine- and asparagine-rich Rnq1p protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can exist in the cell as a soluble monomer or in one of several aggregated, infectious, prion forms called [PIN + ]. Interest in [PIN + ] is heightened by its ability to promote the conversion of other proteins into a prion or an aggregated amyloid state. However, little is known about the function of Rnq1p,...
Measurement of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a non-invasive technique for studying protein dynamics in real time in living cells. FRAP studies are carried out on proteins tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or one of its spectral variants. Illumination with high intensity laser light irreversibly bleaches the GFP fluorescence but has no effect on protein function. By...
Amyloids and prions represent aggregates of misfolded proteins, which consist of protein polymer fibrils with cross-beta sheet structure. Understanding of their occurrence and role is developing rapidly. Initially, they were found associated with mammalian diseases, mainly of neurodegenerative nature. Now they are known to relate to a range of non-disease phenomena in different species from mammals...
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