Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from Palm tree fruit waste material (peel of Palmyra tuber), subsequently AC-loaded anatase TiO2 nanotube (ATNT) composite was synthesized by alkali hydrothermal method using anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (ATNP). The synthesized activated carbon/anatase TiO2 nanotube (AC/ATNT) composites were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, surface area, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis. SEM and TEM analysis revealed the tubular morphology of the ATNT and AC/ATNT composites. The enhancement in the surface area of ATNT and AC/ATNT composite materials as compared with ATNP and pristine ATNT further validated the tubular morphology of ATNT and successful synthesis of AC/ATNT composites. The photocatalytic activity evaluation results revealed that 10%-AC/ATNT composite showed enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance (85%) in rhodamine 6G (RhB-6G) degradation as compared to pristine ATNT (78%), Degussa P-25 TiO2 (P25, 60%), and ATNP (56%). The incorporation of AC efficiently enhanced the adsorption quantity of RhB-6G dye, improved the visible light response and decreased the rate of photogenerated electron–hole recombination resulting in significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance of AC/ATNT composite. RhB-6G dye degradation was further confirmed by chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. The result concluded that tubular morphology, synergic effect, enhanced adsorption, and efficient decrease in the photo-produced charge carrier recombination are reasons for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance of AC/ATNT composite material in the degradation of RhB-6G dye using our current reaction conditions.