Behavioural Brain Research

article

C-fos immunocytochemical evidence for acoustic pathway mapping in rats

Eckhard Friauf

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 217-224

Principles of the functional organization of brain structures are manifested in the response characteristics of the composing neuronal elements. In order to visualize and map some of the fundamental organization principles in the mammalian auditory system, namely tonotopy, ipsilateral versus contralateral inputs, and excitatory and inhibitory interactions, the present study employed the c-fos immunocytochemistry...

article

Neural pattern formation via a competitive Hebbian mechanism

K. Obermayer, T. Sejnowski, G.G. Blasdel

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 161-167

In this contribution we investigate a simple pattern formation process [9,10] based on Hebbian learning and competitive interactions within cortex. This process generates spatial representations of afferent (sensory) information which strongly resemble patterns of response properties of neurons commonly called brain maps. For one of the most thoroughly studied phenomena in cortical development,...

article

Brain gangliosides and memory formation

Hinrich Rahmann

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 105-116

It is generally accepted that the process of molecular facilitation of neuronal circuits by means of stabilization of synaptic contacts represents the structural basis for memory formation. At the distinct zone of synaptic contact the following basic events occur: alterations of the electrical field strength at the outer surface of synaptic membranes, conformational changes of membrane-bound functional...

article

Cell-adhesion molecules in memory formation

Rupert Schmidt

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 65-72

After learning events the CNS of higher organisms selects, which acquired informations are permanently stored as a memory trace. This period of memory consolidation is susceptible to interference by biochemical inhibitors of transcription and translation. Ependymin is a specific CNS glycoprotein functionally involved in memory consolidation in goldfish: after active shock-avoidance conditioning...

article

Memory and amnesia

Andrew R. Mayes

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 29-36

Brain damage can cause several distinct disorders of explicit memory as well as several disorders of implicit memory. Organic amnesia is the best studied explicit memory disorder. It is a syndrome that can be caused by lesions in (a) the medial temporal lobes, (b) the midline diencephalon, or (c) the basal forebrain. It remains unresolved whether one or several functional deficits underlie the...

article

Learning mechanisms in the temporal lobe visual cortex

Edmund T. Rolls

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 177-185

Neurophysiological experiments are described which show that neurons form ensemble encoded representations of stimuli such as faces which are relatively invariant with respect to size, contrast, spatial frequency, translation, and view. It is shown that new representations of objects can be formed with less than 5 s of visual experience with those objects. Mechanisms by which the brain could perform...

article

Structural dynamics of synapses and synaptic components

J.R. Wolff, R. Laskawi, W.B. Spatz, M. Missler

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 13-20

Learning and memory formation are apparently based on cascades of molecular and cellular processes with increasing time constants (ms to days and weeks), but even the most long-lasting effects are transient. Memory traces may permanently modify the behavior (activity patterns, gene expression) of neurons and neuronal networks. Therefore the question is raised whether our current view on the stability...

article

Functional aspects of the involvement of the hippocampus in behavior and memory functions

U. Sprick

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 61-64

In order to outline the involvement of the hippocampus in behavior and memory functions the results of grafting experiments in the hippocampal formation are presented in addition to former lesion and stimulation studies. Grafts of fetal hippocampal tissue were found to induce short-term beneficial effects on learning and memory. Functional efficiency of the grafts could be substancially improved...

article

Posttranslational modification of protein kinase A. The link between short-term and long-term memory

Hanns-Christof Spatz

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 79-84

Both for Aplysia and Drosophila a key role in the molecular mechanism of learning and memory processes has been assigned to the cAMP cascade. In any learning process a short-time stimulus has to be translated into long-lasting changes. The molecular correlate must be a cascade of biochemical reactions with different kinetics, functionally interlinked and operating in overlapping time ranges. Biochemical...

article

Network analysis of brain cognitive function using metabolic and blood flow data

Barry Horwitz, Anthony R. McIntosh, James V. Haxby, Cheryl L. Grady

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 187-193

Functional neuroimaging has become a powerful tool for investigating the neurobiological foundations of cognition. An overview is presented of the two major strategies by which such data are currently analyzed. One strategy compares the pattern of activity between two (or more) tasks, looking for those brain areas that show significant changes. The second investigates the functional relationships...

article

Morphological changes associated with stages of memory formation in the chick following passive avoidance training

M.G. Stewart, D.A. Rusakov

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 21-28

Memory formation following learning is presumed to result from modification in the efficacy of neural circuitry, either through strengthening of pre-existing synapses, or formation of new contacts. An ideal paradigm to investigate memory formation is one-trial passive avoidance training of day-old chicks, in which the birds learn to avoid pecking a bead coated with an aversive substance, methylanthranilate...

article

Mapping of stimulus features and meaning in gerbil auditory cortex with 2-deoxyglucose and c-Fos antibodies

Henning Scheich, Werner Zuschratter

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 195-205

The basic functional organization of gerbil auditory cortex was previously mapped with unit recording of best frequency and with the fluoro-2-deoxyglucose mapping (FDG) technique. Among at least seven subfields in this cortex the primary auditory cortex (AI) and the anterior auditory field (AAF) showed prominent tonotopic organization with parallel dorsoventral iso-frequency contours (electrophysiology)...

article

Neurophysiological analysis of long-term potentiation in mammalian brain

Leon Voronin, Alexey Byzov, Alexander Kleschevnikov, Maxim Kozhemyakin, more

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 45-52

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent increase in postsynaptic response following a high-frequency presynaptic activation. Characteristic LTP features, including input specificity and associativity, make it a popular model to study memory mechanisms. Mechanisms of LTP induction and maintenance are briefly reviewed. Increased intracellular Ca ² ⁺ concentration is shown to be critical...

article

Glycoproteins and memory formation

Steven P.R. Rose

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 73-78

One-trial passive avoidance training in day-old chicks results in a biochemical cascade occurring in two forebrain regions, the intermediate medial hyperstriatum ventrale and the lobus parolfactorius. This cascade, initiated by synaptic transients, results in the activation of immediate early genes and culminates in the de novo synthesis of a family of pre- and post-synaptic membrane glycoproteins,...

article

A neural network model of the cortico-hippocampal interplay and the representation of contexts

Andrea Bibbig, Thomas Wennekers, Günther Palm

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 169-175

We show computer simulations of a neural network comprising two sensory cortical areas and a hippocampal area which demonstrates how the hippocampal input to the cortex can facilitate the formation of polymodal assemblies and the learning of contexts.

article

Long-term potentiation and synaptic protein phosphorylation

P. Pasinelli, G.M.J. Ramakers, I.J.A. Urban, J.J.H. Hens, more

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 53-59

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a well known experimental model for studying the activity-dependent enhancement of synaptic plasticity, and because of its long duration and its associative properties, it has been proposed as a system to investigate the molecular mechanisms of memory formation. At present, there are several lines of evidence that indicate that pre- and postsynaptic kinases and their...

article

Neuronal growth factors, neurotrophins and memory deficiency

Gemma Calamandrei, Enrico Alleva

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 129-132

CNS and PNS ontogenesis are regulated by various proteic factors, and the best characterized of which still remains Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), a molecule exerting trophic, tropic (i.e. directing growing axons toward NGF-releasing target tissue) and differentiative effects on a number of neural and non-neural (e.g. mast-cells) cell lines. Other Growth Factors (GFs), called neurotrophins (BDNF,...

article

Molecular mechanisms of associative memory and their clinical implications

Daniel L. Alkon

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 151-160

In order to study how the human brain acquires, records, and recalls the relationships that comprise the images of human memory, our laboratory initiated a research strategy more than two decades ago. The strategy began with the hypothesis that the complex patterns of human memory are constructed from numerous simple relationships that are distributed over sensory space in our experience. This hypothesis...

article

Functional repair of striatal systems by neural transplants: evidence for circuit reconstruction

Stephen B. Dunnett

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 133-142

Intrastriatal grafts of nigral and adrenal tissues have been found to be effective in alleviating many of the simple motor and sensorimotor deficits associated with lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. However, the mechanisms by which such grafts exert their effects may be less specific than originally conceived, and both pharmacological and trophic actions play an essential role. Damage...

article

Therapeutic approaches for memory impairments

Franz J. Hock

Behavioural Brain Research > 1995 > 66 > 1-2 > 143-150

Pharmacological treatment strategies for the treatment in dementia disorders were described. A selection of the 15 different classes described by Frostl and Maitre was made. In the paper there were included and described in detail the following classes: piracetam-type compounds, co-dergocrine-type compounds, vasodilators and haemorheological agents, cholinesterase inhibitors, ACTH and varopressin...

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Behavioural Brain Research

C-fos immunocytochemical evidence for acoustic pathway mapping in rats

Neural pattern formation via a competitive Hebbian mechanism

Brain gangliosides and memory formation

Cell-adhesion molecules in memory formation

Memory and amnesia

Learning mechanisms in the temporal lobe visual cortex

Structural dynamics of synapses and synaptic components

Functional aspects of the involvement of the hippocampus in behavior and memory functions

Posttranslational modification of protein kinase A. The link between short-term and long-term memory

Network analysis of brain cognitive function using metabolic and blood flow data

Morphological changes associated with stages of memory formation in the chick following passive avoidance training

Mapping of stimulus features and meaning in gerbil auditory cortex with 2-deoxyglucose and c-Fos antibodies

Neurophysiological analysis of long-term potentiation in mammalian brain

Glycoproteins and memory formation

A neural network model of the cortico-hippocampal interplay and the representation of contexts

Long-term potentiation and synaptic protein phosphorylation

Neuronal growth factors, neurotrophins and memory deficiency

Molecular mechanisms of associative memory and their clinical implications

Functional repair of striatal systems by neural transplants: evidence for circuit reconstruction

Therapeutic approaches for memory impairments

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