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The benefits of Botswana's post-independence rapid economic growth have not quite trickled down to the masses, particularly in the rural areas, and this has led to a situation that can be classified as growth with uneven development. This paper examines and analyses this phenomenon in Botswana from the perspective of the urban-rural divide. The paper concludes with a discussion on policy imperatives...
The British Conservative government decided on a major restructuring of local government in the early 1990s. In Scotland and Wales it determined to achieve this by legislative fiat, but in England it sought to remove the two-tier structure (counties, within which were nested boroughs and districts) and replace it by a system of unitary authorities through the work of a Local Government Commission,...
Energy availability both by quantity and quality is a key determinant of the economic productivity of most human systems. The real contributions of energy resources in a sustainable development framework, to a greater extent, involve more complex issues, particularly with regard to the nature and degree of technological involvement. In such regions as sub-Saharan Africa where wood provides the bulk...
Economic theory indicates that the firm avoids an intensification of competition by moves into new geographical areas. Competition, however, has intensified in the markets for food and drinks in developed countries due to stagnation of per capita consumption, in volume, over the last years. Entry of new second-tier firms and new source-countries, as well as rivalry between retailers and processors,...
Concentration and deconcentration of population and economic activity can be broken down into several stages: concentration, deconcentration and renewed concentration. Most Western countries, and some developing countries, are at some point in the stages of concentration or deconcentration. In some countries, the concentration and deconcentration stages have been completed, and renewed concentration...
This paper begins with an examination of the role of state failure in constructing and preserving inefficient and ineffective systems of pollution control. It then assesses the characteristics, goals and mechanisms associated with integrated economic development and environmental protection as proposed by the conceptual framework of ecological modernization. In seeking to assess the applicability...
Despite the growing importance of environmental issues within international and national economic policies, little attention has been paid to these issues in work on economic restructuring. However, the increasing adoption of the concept of sustainable development as a means to resolve conflict between the economy and the environment has major implications for the form and direction of economic restructuring...
This paper compares the awareness, take-up and use of information and communication technologies in an accessible rural region with that in a remote rural region and assesses the implications for policy. Data are drawn from a survey of small businesses in south Warwickshire and north Lancashire. The findings reveal the overall adoption of information and communication technologies, both...
Geographers have recently sought to understand countryside change by examining economic restructuring and its impact on local social coherences. However, despite renewed interest in the locale, many investigations of the rural economy have been at a macro-scale. It is argued that this broad brush approach has neglected many important aspects of rural restructuring and, in particular, the importance...
This paper examines transitions in the rental shelter market of a medium-sized city in Zimbabwe. Based upon an extensive study conducted in 1990, and more recent research (1993-1995), it analyses the rental housing market as it was a decade after Independence and consequent transitions since the introduction of structural adjustment in 1991. It maintains that increased privatization of the rental...
This study analyses the importance of farmers' environmental attitudes for (non)-participation in the Cambrian Mountains ESA scheme. It highlights that age, education, length of residency, farming philosophy and the existence of remnant semi-natural habitats on farms are important variables explaining farmers' dispositions toward conservation and participation behaviour in the ESA scheme. An expansion...
This article summarises the results of a modelling study that examines how the geographical pattern of agricultural land use and production in England and Wales might be affected by climate change. Various scenarios of regional climate change are considered by the model within a price and demand framework of a world food market also affected by global warming. The study concludes that over 3M ha...
District councils have emerged as dynamic and innovative tourism agencies since the early 1980s. The aim of this paper is to examine district council intervention in tourism in England and Wales, based on an extensive survey of local authorities at this level. The results indicate the authorities' perceptions of resources and markets, organization and involvement in tourism marketing, planning,...
A 300 km network of khettara (qanat) subsurface irrigation channels was excavated in the Tafilalt basin beginning in the late 14th century. More than 75 of these chains provided perennial water following the breakup of the ancient city of Sijilmassa. Khettara continued to function for much of the northern oasis until the early 1970s, when new technologies and government policies forced changes....
As part of a larger project involving both quantitative and qualitative research, this paper discusses the findings of a questionnaire survey at Brent Cross and Wood Green concerning the social use of two north London shopping centres. Combined with focus group and ethnographic research (reported elsewhere), the survey results provide fresh empirical evidence about the nature of consumption as a...
Since the beginning of the eighties, regional technology and development policies in industrialized countries have pursued, among other things, the goal of attracting and supporting high-tech industries. Very often high-tech regions, such as legendary Silicon Valley, Calif., or Route 128, Mass., served as models. But there are high-tech regions in other industrialized countries, too. This paper...
In this paper we examine the outcomes of restructuring within the British coal mining industry in the English countryside and an attempt by the Countryside Commission to regenerate an area of the rural East Midlands through a forest project of sustainable development. In this particular area, deep-mine coal production has collapsed resulting in high levels of unemployment and large parcels of derelict...
This paper examines the findings of research undertaken in the Southwest of England during 1992-1993, the aim of which was to explore the socio-economic and geographical circumstances of farms participating in agro-environment schemes. The research found that traditional farming was crucial to the schemes, in terms of scheme objectives and the profile of participants. As such, traditional...
As the activities of Canada-based multinational enterprises (MNEs) have fostered an impressive outflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) abroad, many empirical studies have been put forth to describe the characteristics and account for the reasons behind Canadian FDI. Yet, most of these Canada-based studies have relied on questionnaires (and surveyed only large MNEs) to fulfil data requirements...
This paper reinterrogates key aspects of social theory--realist and regulationist approaches--in order to develop a conceptual framework within which thinking on sustainable development can be progressed. A modified realist approach and insights from regulation theory are used to consider how the development of the Australian sugar industry has been conditioned in ways which make unsustainable outcomes...
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