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A novel and environment friendly analytical method is reported for total chromium determination and chromium speciation in water samples, whereby tungsten coil atomic emission spectrometry (WCAES) is combined with in situ ionic liquid formation dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (in situ IL-DLLME). A two stage multivariate optimization approach has been developed employing a Plackett–Burman...
An automatic in-vitro bioaccessibility test based upon dynamic microcolumn extraction in a programmable flow setup is herein proposed as a screening tool to evaluate bio-char based remediation of mine soils contaminated with trace elements as a compelling alternative to conventional phyto-availability tests. The feasibility of the proposed system was evaluated by extracting the readily bioaccessible...
After the Fukushima disaster, power generation from nuclear power plants in Japan was completely stopped and old coal-based power plants were re-commissioned to compensate for the decrease in power generation capacity. Although coal is a relatively inexpensive fuel for power generation, it contains high levels (mgkg−1) of selenium, which could contaminate the wastewater from thermal power plants....
A dynamic flow-through microcolumn extraction system based on extractant re-circulation is herein proposed as a novel analytical approach for simplification of bioaccessibility tests of trace elements in sediments. On-line metal leaching is undertaken in the format of all injection (AI) analysis, which is a sequel of flow injection analysis, but involving extraction under steady-state conditions....
A sensitive cloud point extraction method for simultaneous determination of trace amounts of sunset yellow (SY), allura red (AR) and brilliant blue (BB) by spectrophotometry was developed. Experimental parameters such as Triton X-100 concentration, KCl concentration and initial pH on extraction efficiency of dyes were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with a Doehlert design. Experimental...
A novel, cost-effective and simple solid phase extraction (SPE) method, by using a syringe connected with a nylon membrane filter as the adsorbent container, was developed for the extraction of triazine herbicides from Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA) samples. The selective molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) synthesized with the template of atrazine were employed as the adsorbents for the enrichment and...
A sensitive and reliable inhibitive amperometric glucose biosensor is described for rapid trace metal determination. The biosensor utilises a conductive ultrathin (55nm thick) polypyrrole (PPy) film for entrapment of glucose oxidase (GOx) to permit rapid inhibition of GOx activity in the ultrathin film upon exposure to trace metals, resulting in reduced glucose amperometric response. The biosensor...
This paper describes the development and validation of a simple and efficient bioanalytical procedure for simultaneous determination of alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam in human serum samples using high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection, regarding a fast elution methodology in 4min. Briefly, this method consists of a simple liquid extraction step of serum samples followed...
Ion suppression/enhancement caused by matrix effects continues being a major concern in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). This research explores the ability of a supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) made up of inverted hexagonal aggregates of oleic acid to behave as a liquid with restricted access properties (SUPRAS-RAM). Fusarium toxins in cereals were extracted with the oleic acid-based...
It is common for as-prepared carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene samples to contain remnants of the transition metals used to catalyze their growth; contamination may also leave other trace elemental impurities in the samples. Although a full quantification of impurities in as-prepared samples of carbon nanostructures is difficult, particularly when trace elements are intercalated or encapsulated within...
A rapid, cost effective and environmentally friendly extraction method, based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed for the determination of six tetracyclines in meat destined for human consumption. Meat extracts were analysed for tetracyclines using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), a sensitive and selective analytical technique. Various factors...
A sensitive field-portable fluorimeter with incubating capability and triplicate sample chambers was designed and built. The system was optimised for the on-site analysis of E. coli in recreational waters using fluorescent based enzyme assays. The target analyte was β-d-Glucuronidase (GUS) which hydrolyses a synthetic substrate 6-Chloro-4-Methyl-Umbelliferyl-β-d-Glucuronide (6-CMUG) to release the...
An analytical method was developed for the identification and quantification of seven volatile n-nitrosamines (n-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], n-nitrosoethylmethylamine [NMEA], n-nitrosodiethylamine [NDEA], n-nitrosodipropylamine [NDPA], n-nitrosodibutylamine [NDBA], n-nitrosopiperidine [NPIP], and n-nitrosopyrrolidine [NPYR]) in water insoluble cream type cosmetics. It was found that the head space-solid...
This study presents a systematized method for predicting water content, fat content and free acidity in olive fruits by on-line NIR Spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques (PCA, LDA and PLSR). Three cultivar varieties of Olea europaea – Hojiblanca cv., Picual cv. and Arbequina cv. – were monitored. Five olive cultivation areas of Southern Spain (Andalucia) and Southern Portugal (Alentejo)...
Simultaneous analysis of HCHO and O3 was performed by the developed flow analysis system to prove that HCHO vapor is produced from solid pesticide in the presence of O3. HCHO is produced in many ways, including as primary emissions from fuel combustion and in secondary production from anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds by photochemical reactions. In this work, HCHO production from...
A hybrid optical sensing scheme based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) combined with a titanium dioxide coated long period fiber grating (LPFG) for monitoring organic solvents in high refractive index edible oils is reported.In order to investigate and optimize the sensor performance, two different FBG/LPFG interrogation systems were investigated. The readout of the sensor was implemented using either...
A novel surface molecularly imprinted silica composite was prepared by a dummy-template imprinting strategy for the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of bisphenol A (BPA). 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (BPAF) was chosen as the template molecule, and a hybrid technique was used for imprinting procedure. The imprinted silica was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope,...
As a new type of green solvent, four kinds of choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been synthesized, and then a core–shell structure magnetic graphene oxide (Fe3O4–NH2@GO) nanoparticles have been prepared and coated with the ChCl-based DESs. Magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) based Fe3O4–NH2@GO@DES was studied for the first time for the extraction of proteins. The characteristic...
An application of parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and three-way partial least squares (3W-PLS1) regression models to ultra-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection (UPLC–PDA) data with co-eluted peaks in the same wavelength and time regions was described for the multicomponent quantitation of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) in tablets. Three-way dataset...
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