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The heterostyle Primula vulgaris is a rare and declining species in Northern Belgium; its presence is restricted to a limited number of small landscape elements in a matrix of intensively managed agricultural land. In 1986 and 1999 we recorded numbers of pin-thrum flower morphs in respectively 34 and 89 populations. No structural imbalance in flower morph numbers was found, but imbalances were significantly...
Heterostyly is clearly confirmed in the Korean endemic, monotypic taxon Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (Oleaceae) by studies of plants from two geographically isolated populations. Variation in the hitherto unreported floral morphological aspects including an extended study of pollen grains of A. distichum in association with distyly were studied and described in details by using stereo-microscopy,...
Pattern of the floral variation was investigated in the hybrid zone of two distylous Primula species. The three taxa of the P. vulgaris × P. veris hybrid zone were identified on the basis of flower color and inflorescence structure. Hybrids were significantly different from the two parental species for all the floral characters examined: four out of the seven characters exhibited extreme values, and...
Turnera subulata Smith (Turneraceae) is a subshrub with distylic flowers, common as a ruderal plant in NE-Brazil. We studied the pollination biology of a population in João Pessoa, Paraíba, paying attention to effective pollinators and characteristics of short- and long-style morphs. The flowers attracted insects of 28 species, predominantely bees. Several bee species were observed to be effective...
The main goals of the present paper were to investigate the floral biology and the breeding system of Melochia tomentosa in a semi-arid region in Brazil, comparing the role of Apis mellifera with other native pollinators, and to discuss the importance of this plant species as a floral resource for the local fauna in maintaining different guilds of specialized pollinators in the Caatinga. M. tomentosa...
Currently, pollination is seen as involving more generalist interactions than specialized ones. Supporting this trend, some nocturnal distylous flowers may also receive floral visitors during the day, and since the latter contribute to fruit set, the pollination system is mixed and less specialized. Common among the Rubiaceae, distyly has been regarded as a reproductive strategy which requires a precise...
Distyly has been clearly confirmed in Polygonum hastato-sagittatum Mak, which is dimorphic for the intrinsic features of style height, anther height and a suite of ancillary pollen and stigma polymorphisms. The stigma width of long styled flowers is larger than that of short ones, and L-morph (long) stigmas have longer and less number of papillae than the S-morphs (short). Flowers produced significantly...
Turnera hermannioides is a ruderal distylic subshrub, native to NE-Brazil. In the Catimbau National Park, situated within the semi-arid Caatinga region, we studied the pollination ecology of this species, emphasizing (1) effective pollinators; (2) characteristics of short- and long-styled flowers; (3) intra- and intermorph pollen flow; and (4) fruit and seed set. Short and long-styled morphs differ...
Heterostylous species present at least two flower morphs: one is ‘long-styled’ with a gynoecium overtopping the anthers, and another ‘short-styled', presenting the stigma below the anther level. This study investigates how both morphotypes arise through ontogeny using Oxalis cinerea Zucc. and Oxalis rosea Jacq. as study models. We found that long-styled flowers originate from comparatively larger...
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