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Two Drosera species, D. anglica and D. rotundifolia, are established in Sarobetsu mire, Northern Japan. D. anglica is an endangered species in Japan because of its small numbers and population sizes, whereas D. rotundifolia is widespread throughout the country. We hypothesized that the reproductive strategies of these species are closely related to the differences in their population dynamics. To...
Hybridisation leading to genetic swamping of a rare species by its more common congener is considered to become an issue of growing importance in conservation biology due to the fact that an increasing human impact on natural habitats and changes in climatic conditions will lead to higher frequencies of hybrid formation by shifting distributions and/or phenologies. In order to judge the future trajectories...
The rediscovered species Wolffia microscopica (Griff.) Kurz, endemic to India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, shows several features that make it unique in comparison to other duckweeds, even to other species of the genus Wolffia. During vegetative propagation, the daughter fronds are produced by budding within a single pouch of the mother frond. Several generations of fronds and their initials exist in...
After assimilation, plants often fractionate stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes among different organs depending on synthesis and transport of metabolites. We investigated stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions among leaves of different age (0 to 6 months) in two mangrove fern species (Acrostichum danaeifolium Langsd. & Fisch. and Acrostichum aureum L.) from Mexico. Leaves of all ages...
The dorsiventral, hypostomatic leaf of Euphorbia characias is investigated to disclose its structural features and the chemical nature of the secondary metabolites produced. Light and scanning electron microscopy along with histochemical tests were employed to investigate the leaf of this well known perennial dwarf Mediterranean shrub. The compact leaf is characterized by numerous, rather uniform,...
Fragmentation of tropical forests is one of the major threats to biodiversity and viable natural populations. Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) are endangered because of human occupation, conversion of lands to agriculture and high deforestation rates in these fertile soils. Enterolobium contortisiliquum has been removed from SDTF natural areas due to the advance of cattle grazing and...
In aphids, usually only the fundatrix (F1) induces galls. In Smynthrodes betae (Fordini) however, three gall types may coexist on the leaflets of a single host species, Pistacia atlantica (Anacardiaceae). The fundatrix induces pea-shaped galls on the leaflet midvein early in spring and its genetically identical daughters (F2) disperse from these galls and induce spindle-shaped galls on leaflet margins...
Harsh micro-environments in bare soil patches generated by disturbance may affect the emergence of plant species in desert ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of litter addition on the emergence of perennial grass and evergreen shrub species under different conditions of UV radiation and soil water content in disturbed patches of bare soil. We sowed seeds of perennial grasses (Nassella tenuis and...
The life history of the geophyte Gagea bulbifera (Pall). Salisb. was studied by quantitative analyses of plant structures, estimation of resource allocation by measuring the nitrogen content of different plant organs, and employing Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analyses for an estimate of genetic diversity. The species occurs in arid steppes and semi deserts in large populations with...
Inflorescences in Cyperaceae are a source of characters with significant systematic value; however, the structure and primary homologies pose a challenge to their interpretation. The relationships among members of Abildgaardieae are not clear due to the absence of a phylogeny with strong support, comprising a representative number of species. Establishing correct primary homologies of inflorescences...
The present study reports the inflorescence ontogeny and morphology in tribe Fabeae (Fabaceae) addressing the evolutionary trends of selected inflorescence features in clade Lathyrus–Pisum–Vavilovia. In all three mentioned genera, the whole inflorescence in annual taxa comprises an open shoot bearing frondose leaves subtended by simple racemes. This shoot exhibits a pendulum symmetry which results...
Detailed studies on the distribution, structure, and secretion activity of floral glands are important to understand the relationship of flowers with oil-collecting bees in Malpighiaceae. Here, we characterised the floral biology and the glands in sepals, petals and connective tissues of Diplopterys pubipetala. The data on the floral biology were obtained under field conditions. The samples from functional...
Bromeliaceae is a Neotropical family that evolved ecological key innovations in association with extensive adaptive radiation. Its species present a variety of different mating system strategies varying within and among species, within genera and subfamilies. Also, species with a wide geographical range can display large variation in mating system, reproductive success and genetic diversity. Here...
Termites, herbivores and fire are recognized as major guilds that structure woody plant communities in African savanna and woodland ecosystems. An understanding of their interaction is crucial to design appropriate management regimes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long–term impacts of herbivore, fire and termite activities on regeneration of trees. Permanent experimental quadrats were...
Phytolith formation in plants is commonly thought to be influenced by variations in temperature, precipitation and other environmental factors. The objective of this study is to test how variations in different climatic and edaphic factors i.e., temperature, rainfall, actual evapotranspiration (AET), potential evapotranspiration (PET), moisture index (MI) and soil pH along a tropical–temperate elevation...
Grewia asiatica L., an Asian shrub, is indigenous to India. Despite its immense importance in the Ayurvedic and traditional systems of medicine scientific and commercial exploration has been neglected. In this direction, we undertook systematic studies to understand the sexual system, breeding behaviour and reproductive phenology deployed by the species. Our results suggest that the species practices...
Ziziphus comprises important fruit trees that inhabit arid environments of tropical and subtropical regions of the world and are able to adapt to drought and salt stress. Species of this genus are characterized by synchronous protandrous dichogamy and self-incompatibility; however, reduced seed set after hand self-pollination indicates that self-fertilization is possible and that it causes a strong...
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