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The results of measurements of emission of microparticles from a glass-graphite target subjected to vacuum deposition of zinc vapors are presented. Two different mechanisms of emission: due to thermal fluctuations and re-evaporation are discussed. It is shown that in a mode of deposition, when heterogeneous nucleation is essential, the fluctuation mechanism prevails. With small saturation the re-evaporating...
A problem of evaporation of a volatile component A from a spherical granule with an intermetallic core A n B m and a protective shell of a nonvolatile component B has been studied. Solution of the given problem (which belongs to the so-called Stefan's-type problems with two moving boundaries) was obtained by asymptotic method. It is shown that, unlike for a liquid droplet of the same...
Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films were depositied at room temperature by ion beam-assisted evaporation and the effects of oxygen ion beam conditions on the properties of room-temperature ITO thin films were investigated. It is well known that high conductivity of ITO is caused by intrinsic defect(oxygen vacancy) and dopant(tin). One of the techniques to obtain highly conductive ITO film at room temperature...
Residual stresses in films produced by physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques result from the contribution of thermal, intrinsic and extrinsic stresses. Tensile intrinsic stresses are usually observed in not fully dense films deposited by thermal evaporation from non-energetic particles. Compressive intrinsic stresses develop in relatively dense films deposited at low temperatures under energetic...
AgGa 0.25 In 0.75 Se 2 thin films prepared by the flash evaporation technique onto Corning 7059 glass substrates at T S =623-643K were single phase, nearly stoichiometric and polycrystalline with a strong (112) preferred orientation. The electrical resistivity of the films was in the range 20-95Ωcm. Thermoelectric power and Hall effect...
The effect of simultaneous irradiation of an oxygen-(O-IB), an argon-(Ar-IB), a krypton-(Kr-IB), and a xenon-(Xe-IB) ion beam on an oxygen-radical beam-assisted evaporation (O-RBAE) was studied to deposit titanium oxide films with high refractive indices at a low substrate temperature. In O-RBAE, the oxygen-radical beam (O-RB) was irradiated to completely oxidize titanium (Ti), which was simultaneously...
CuInSe 2 thin films have been obtained by sequential evaporation of stacked Cu and In layers, and subsequent chalcopyrite formation using elemental Se within a close-spaced graphite container placed into a newly developed vacuum environment with flowing nitrogen. Semiconductor CuInSe 2 formation has been achieved by heating the metallic precursors at temperatures as high as 400 ...
Effect of 100MeV 58 Ni +8 ion irradiation on the electrical transport behaviour of Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystalline thin films have been investigated by in situ and ex situ resistivity measurements. The quasicrystalline thin films grown by indirect heating, electron-beam and flash evaporation methods have been used for this purpose. The fluence of 100MeV 58 Ni +...
Titanium coatings were deposited on stainless steel and glass substrates by electron beam evaporation in vacuum (4x10 -4 Pa) and at different neon and argon gas pressures (from 0.33 to 2.00Pa). The effect of background gas pressure and type on film microstructure was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Since it was not feasible to maintain a constant evaporation rate for...
The structural changes of sequentially evaporated thin Cu-In films on molybdenum substrate were studied by the depth profiling technique in an XPS apparatus. Pure metal materials were deposited by vacuum evaporation at room temperature. A specimen of the film was sputter-etched in situ after the deposition with Ar ion beams to obtain the depth profile. Another specimen of the film was annealed at...
Our experimental set-up allows us to keep a single dust grain trapped in a high-vacuum chamber for hours or days and to affect it by electron or ion beams. It apparently makes possible to study each particular charging process separately but, as our results have shown, the influence of emissions from the surfaces surrounding the experimental space cannot be neglected in interpretation of results.The...
The cathode tip heating in a point cathode electron gun has been studied with numerical methods. In this gun, a straightened tungsten wire of 0.1mm diameter is used as the cathode, and the tip part of it is locally heated by electron bombardment. The heating improves the cathode life and the gun is operated at higher cathode temperature. The gun operation requires heating conditions that confines...
We present results on the spatial distribution of copper vapour as a function of temperature, from a 2D evaporating source generated using 130mm strip electron beam at aspect ratio >3. At this aspect ratio vapour flow is expected to appear approximately as a point source flow. The 2D evaporating source during these studies can be described in terms of inverse Knudsen number (1/K n ) that...
The present work is a computational investigation of thermal plasmas in SF 6 switchgear, which burns in a mixture of working gas and PTFE and metal vapors resulting from nozzle ablation and electrode erosion, respectively. In order to solve the concentration of PTFE and electrode vapors conservation equations for the PTFE vapor and the metal vapor are solved together with the governing equations...
In this paper, we give some results related to interaction mechanism between the elements V such as antimony or phosphorus with the metal indium. We used both powerful spectroscopy methods the Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and the electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for which the spectra were recorded in direct mode N(E). The antimony was evaporated on pure In metal or on cleaned InP surface...
The deep-penetration thermal effect of keyhole and surface thermal effect of high-temperature metal vapor by the direct-acting mechanism during vacuum electron beam welding were analyzed. According to the thermal effect, a composite source model working for magnesium alloy welding was developed. This model was composed of Gaussian surface source and conical heat source. By the welding experiments...
Small amounts of metallurgical grade silicon were melted in an electron beam furnace in different experimental conditions in order to investigate the aluminum (Al) evaporation behavior during the electron beam melting (EBM) process. Impurity was significantly decreased in the early periods of melting at 9, 15, and 21 kW. These changes slowed down with the extension of the melting time. Moreover, the...
We have demonstrated an evaporation method to obtain a uniform organic thin-films with designed evaporation source which have array of two dimensional apertures of different sizes above an evaporation source optimized the distance between evaporation source and substrate, a uniform film was formed. Experimental results varying with position of the substrate are fitted to the theory of evaporation...
In this paper a mathematical model is developed to investigate the removal of volatile impurities in molten silicon by electron beam melting (EBM) with a high efficiency and low energy consumption. The temperature distribution of molten silicon is obtained using the commercial software FLUENT. Based on the temperature distribution, the vaporization behaviors of phosphorus and silicon are investigated...
The purification of metallurgical grade silicon, especially the removal of aluminum, was investigated by electron beam melting and solidification. Small amounts of silicon raw materials were melted in an electron beam furnace with same melting time and different solidification time to obtain the distribution of Al in silicon ingot. The removal mechanisms in different stages were also discussed. The...
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