Maturitas
There is disagreement as to whether the loss of bone mass induced by GnRH agonists is reversible. In part, the differences of opinion might be attributed to the fact that the influence of weight and seasonal changes on bone mass is often overlooked. Taking into consideration weight and seasonal changes in bone mass, total (TBBMC) and regional body bone mineral content were measured in 38 women treated...
Osteoporosis has been a disorder almost synonymously associated with women, and as a result the understanding of osteoporosis in men is rudimentary. Nevertheless, there is an emerging recognition of the impact of osteoporosis in men, and the recent tremendous increase in knowledge of the disorder in women should provide a foundation for rapid advances in parallel areas in men. Attention should be...
We conducted a study to determine whether increasing vitamin D intake above the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 5.0 g (200 IU)/day reduces bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women residing at latitude 42 N. In this double-blind, randomized 2-year trial, we enrolled 247 healthy, ambulatory, postmenopausal women who consumed an average of 2.5 g (100 IU) vitamin D/day in their usual diets. ...
Objectives: The aim of the study was to review our long-term use of subcutaneous oestradiol (E2) implant therapy for the treatment of climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women. On the grounds that the aim is to restore premenopausal serum E2 levels, our declared clinical policy is not to repeat implants even in the presence of symptoms if serum E2 levels are > 400 pmol/l. Therapy was with...
The biological basis underlying the increased risk of nondisjunction in offspring of women of advanced maternal age is not understood. We sought to test the hypothesis that maternal reproductive age (distance in time from approaching menopause) rather than chronological age is pivotal in the etiology of nondisjunction. Our results found no difference in age of menopause between women 30 years old...
Objective: To determine the association between various forms of tobacco exposure and ovarian status, as measured by FSH concentrations, in women 38-49 years old. Methods: Two hundred ninety women between 38-49 years old, who had not had hysterectomy or oophorectomy, completed a self-administered questionnaire that included information on tobacco exposure and had serum FSH levels measured on days...
Background: Until menopause, women appear to be protected from coronary heart disease. Evidence suggests that estrogen may play a role in the protection of the cardiovascular system by exerting a beneficial effect on risk factors such as cholesterol metabolism and by a direct effect on the coronary arteries. To date there has been no evidence linking testosterone with the occurrence of coronary...
Objectives: To determine the effect of percutaneous oestrogen replacement therapy on lipoprotein (a) and other plasma lipoproteins. Methods: Open longitudinal prospective study conducted at the hormone replacement clinic of the Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong. Thirty women who had undergone a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for benign gynaecological...
Objective: To investigate the effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism of two doses (5- or 10 μg/24 h) of levonorgestrel released from an intrauterine device (IUD) in combination with orally administered estradiol (2 mg estradiol valerate) in perimenopausal women. Design: A 1-year prospective randomized single blind clinical trial. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ostra Hospital,...
Total and regional body composition were measured in 373 early postmenopausal women aged 49-60 y by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to evaluate whether the changes in body composition in the early postmenopausal years are related to menopause itself or merely to age. Both fat mass and fat distribution correlated with age (r = 0.12-0.21, P < 0.05-P < 0.001), but not with years since menopause...
Background: Muscle strength declines with advancing age; the causes of this are uncertain. In women; strength begins to decline around the time of menopause, suggesting that hormonal changes might influence strength. To determine the effect of postmenopausal estrogen use on muscle strength, neuromuscular function, and the risk of falling, we examined 9704 participants aged 65 years or more enrolled...
A brief questionnaire concerning previous and current menstrual status was sent to 280 women over the age of 35 on the Wandsworth Register for People with Learning Disabilities: 196 questionnaires (70.4%) were returned. Of the 171 questionnaires used in the analyses, 45 were from women with Down's syndrome. The results suggested that, compared with data for normal women, menopause may occur earlier...
Objective: The aim of this review was to analyse the current opinions on the practice of prophylactic oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy according to the patient's age. Methods: All publications regarding the role of prophylactic oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy indexed on CANCER-CD TIM from 1984 - 1994 have been revised. Recent data on the reduction of ovarian cancer incidence and...
Objective: To determine whether acute alcohol ingestion raises estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) levels in a randomized, controlled crossover study on postmenopausal women using transdermal E2. Methods: Healthy, non-smoking postmenopausal women (n = 7) using no medications were enrolled. Transdermal E2, 0.15 mg, was applied 13 h before the subjects ingested alcohol (1 ml/kg 95% ethanol) or isocaloric...
Objective: Our purpose was to determine the efficacy of dietary calcium augmentation in the prevention of early postmenopausal bone density loss in comparison with hormonal replacement therapy and placebo. Study design: A three-arm parallel randomized trial comparing the influence of placebo, dietary calcium augmentation, and estrogen-progesterone-calcium in 118 women who were within 6 years of menopause...
The wide distribution of plant estrogens or phytoestrogens in cereals, vegetables and medicinal plants raises questions concerning the possible health risks and benefits associated with their consumption. In this article, we provide a synopsis of the literature relating principally to the clinical effects of phytoestrogens on the diseases associated with ageing. The sources, metabolism and properties...
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of a continous estrogen, cyclic progesterone replacement therapy on the secretion of growth hormone (GH) and IGF I as well as of somatometric-GH correlation patterns. Methods: The study included 23 healthy postmenopausal women. Of the proband group 13 randomly selected women were treated with orally applicated 2 mg estradiol-valerat...
The results of a 1-year placebo-controlled study in 25 women who had hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy receiving a daily oral dose of 2.5 mg of Tibolone (Org OD 14) are presented. Tibolone is a steroid compound with mild oestrogenic in additional to progestagenic effects. Post-oophorectomy bone loss has been reported to accelerate, at least during the first year after surgery. The efficacy...
This study examined the sex differential in long-term survival after incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Epidemiologic Followup Study to the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This cohort was first contacted in 1971 to 1975 with follow-up through 1987. Of the 1407 white participants for whom CHD was identified at some point during the study, 56% of men and 46% of women...
Factors related to menopause and use of exogenous hormones other than p.o. contraceptives were examined in 452 women ages 25-59 who were diagnosed with cutaneous malignant melanoma. Control subjects for this population-based study in the San Francisco Bay Area were 930 women of the same age. An increased risk was observed for superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) in women who reached natural menopause...