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The main aim of the CALL Bibliography for Postgraduate Study is to provide a resource specifically for postgraduate students in CALL, in the form of a comprehensive listing of key writings, published up to May 1994, that constitute recommended reading for study and research in CALL at this level. In achieving this aim, the bibliography lists appropriate papers published in the following journals...
A key stage in aid projects in English Language education, whether run by resident, on-site advisors or from a distance by higher education institutions, is the handing over of project processes or products to local personnel. This can sometimes be inadequately managed owing to lack of restraint on the part of expatriate experts in allowing their expertise to be integrated with local rhythms. Projectsustainability...
Multimedia, the computer based delivery of video, audio, written text, graphics and the integration of these media may prove to be a useful tool for second language learning. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design of such an application for PCs using moving video, to assist in the development of listening skills, within the field of Business English. The aims of the project, the basic...
In an effort to find out ways to enhance second-language vocabulary learning, the present study examined the relative effectiveness of four instructional approaches: the Paper and Pencil (P&P), the Computer-based Word-for-word (CW), the Computer-based word-for-word plus Picture (CP), and the Computer-based Context (CC). English vocabulary was chosen as the target of instruction. The experiment...
Using frequency, text coverage, and range as criteria, this study looks at the dividing line between a general service vocabulary and a special purposes vocabulary. A general service vocabulary gives a good return for learning up to the 2000 word level and after that a special purposes vocabulary gives a better return for learning effort for those learners going on with special interests.
With factor analysis contributions by Neil Anderson, Ohio University, USA; Deena Boraie, American University in Cairo, Egypt; John Green, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez and Salem State College, USA; Gene Halleck, Oklahoma State University, USA; Omneya Kassabgy, Career Development Center, Cairo, Egypt; Victoria Talbott, Skagit Valley Junior College, USA; Yoshinori Watanabe, Japan; Nae-Dong Yang,...
This paper reviews the practice of using campus radio for English learning in China. It presents, too, the merits, existing problems, and future development of the radio station against the background of multimedia employment for educational purposes in developed countries.
This paper looks briefly at some of the issues involved in the Variable Competence approach to Second Language Acquisition, by defining what is meant by variable competence, and then looking at variable rules and how they are acquired. The implications for the classroom are briefly summarized as examples of the practical correlates of variable competence models. Most importantly, the article looks...
A common theme in justifications for autonomy, especially in general education but also in language learning, is that autonomous learners become more highly motivated and that autonomy leads to better, more effective work. Knowles' claim is illustrative: there is convincing evidence that people who take the initiative in learning (proactive learners) learn more things and learn better than do...
The predominant context for strategy research over the last two decades has been language learning situated in a conventional classroom environment. The strategies learners use in self-instruction contexts and the degree of autonomy they exercise to develop foreign language skills without the help of a teacher or learning group have received little attention. This paper examines results from a comparative...
The terms autonomy and self-direction are being used more and more frequently in educational discussion. This article identifies and examines the ideas and historical contingencies which form the background to these developments, including minority rights movements, shifts in educational philosophy, reactions against behaviourism, linguistic pragmatism, wider access to education, increased...
Basic thinking regarding certain aspects of learner autonomy is presented as well as certain cultural traits (such as the Chinese concern with face) which may be an obstacle to the promotion of autonomy, especially in the more traditional organization of some classrooms. The use of large-scale simulation can, however, transform the ordinary classroom into a learning environment that powerfully promotes...
Learner training has typically focused primarily on the strategies for self-directed learning, i.e. planning, monitoring and evaluating, or on cognitive strategies. Scant attention has been paid to knowledge about cognition, specifically task knowledge , i.e. knowledge about the nature and purpose of the task that is the focus of student learning. This paper will define and illustrate the various...
The promotion of autonomous approaches to language learning is justified on ideological, psychological and economic grounds (Crabbe, 1993: p. 443). This paper argues that before any intervention occurs, it is necessary to gauge learners' readiness for the changes in behaviour and beliefs which autonomy implies. Firstly the paper presents data on learner beliefs collected in a study which involved...
This article is concerned with learner autonomy in formal language learning contexts (schools, colleges and universities). It begins with some general reflections on the nature of learner autonomy and goes on to consider how autonomy is to be fostered, focusing first on learning strategies and learner training and then on the pedagogical dialogue and the role of the teacher. It argues that while...
In recent years, learner training has been undertaken in many programmes aiming to achieve learners' autonomy. Quite often, however, this training has only focused on the teaching of tactics and strategies, overlooking other important factors such as students' attitude towards autonomy, beliefs and expectations about language learning and teaching, personal needs and objectives, learning styles and...
This article analyses two similar trials of ELT text books which took place in the Sultanate of Oman within a few years of each other. The article compares the different approaches used in the two trials and draws some conclusions concerning the most effective methods to undertake trials of new curriculum material.
The need for a good pronunciation test arises because the pronunciation tests which are currently available neither reflect a foreign language learner's pronunciation in different speech situations, nor capture the approach of testing holistically, i.e. all features of pronunciation including those of stress and intonation. A new type of pronunciation test is therefore proposed in two versions, one...
The current concern with Appropriate Methodology is leading to a reappraisal of numerous aspects of English Language Education, aiming at making our teaching more responsive to the needs of recipients. However, in the area of teacher development (TD) activities, although the form and structure tend to allow more trainee participation than previously, content is still largely determined by trainers...
The article reviews briefly some of the international work that has been undertaken in the area of national assessment of educational systems and describes in greater detail a comprehensive Swedish programme which investigates the conditions and the results that currently prevail in the compulsory school. The focus is on that part of the programme which deals with the subject of English, and describes...
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