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Density and surface tension of slag are important properties for mineral processing, metal processing, slagging combustion and slagging gasification. In the case of slagging gasification, slag properties will impact the efficiency, reliability, maintenance cost and environmental performance of the process. There are several methods to determine the density and surface tension of slags. A commonly...
The selective enrichment of macerals and inorganic minerals during coal grinding may have an obvious effect on pyrolysis reactivity. In this paper, chemical structures and pyrolysis processes of Zhundong coal samples with different particle sizes were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), then semi-quantitatively characterised by a series...
Nanotechnology offers potentially disruptive methods to improve the mobility of heavy oil through viscosity reduction. In this sense, the objective of this work is to probe changes in the viscoelastic network of asphaltenes intrinsic to heavy oil structure upon addition of fumed SiO2 nanoparticles, using dynamic rheological techniques. The effects of the addition of nanoparticle (100, 1000 and 10,000mg/L)...
The reduction of sulfur content in diesel is a worldwide trend that seeks to minimize the environmental impact arising from the combustion of this fuel in large cities. However, there is no reliable information on the effect of such a reduction on the formation of mainly aerobic microbial biomass in vehicle and storage tanks. The objective of this study was to assess the microbial community structure...
The present work concerns the study of rich laminar premixed CH4/C2H6/C3H8/O2/N2 flames operating at two equivalence ratios (ϕ=1.66 and 2.05) and low pressure (80Torr). In the case of the flame ϕ=2.05, the influence of pressure was studied between 80 and 300Torr. Mole fraction of reactants, stable intermediate and combustion products have been obtained using a quartz microprobe coupled to gas chromatography,...
Investigations on particulate matter (PM) emissions from solid fuel combustion are important due to their negative impacts on human health and the environment. A full parametric study of the amount and size distribution of particle emissions from solid fuel combustion have been performed using a drop tube furnace (DTF). Different operating conditions have been experimented for coals or biomass, including...
Alkylate is an ideal blending component for motor gasoline. The alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene to produce high-quality alkylate was catalyzed by several amide-AlCl3-based ionic liquid (IL) analogues with different structures and CuCl modification. The influences of the amide structure, amide/AlCl3 molar ratio, and CuCl modification on the catalytic performance were investigated in an autoclave...
Laminar burning velocities of hydrocarbon blends of relevance to natural gas combustion, with addition of 0, 10, 35 and 50% hydrogen, were measured using the heat flux method. Hydrocarbon blends were methane (80%)/ethane (20%), methane (80%)/propane (20%) and methane (80%)/ethane (10%)/propane (10%), and in addition experiments were performed using pure methane as a fuel. For the first time it was...
Nickel (Ni)-doped activated carbon beads (ACBs) with/without carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were synthesized for the efficient desulfurization of diesel oil by adsorption. The materials were characterized for their physico-chemical properties, using the BET, SEM, XRD, and TPD analysis. The in-situ dispersed Ni nanoparticles in the ACBs served the dual role of catalyzing the growth of the CNFs (average thickness...
Pressurized oxy-fuel combustion (POFC) is a promising technology for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants, offering both high efficiency and a low penalty. However, the high partial pressure of CO2 in a POFC furnace has important impacts on fuel-N and fuel-S conversion during the coal pyrolysis process, and understanding this will help to achieve further control of SOx/NOx. In this study, coal...
Crystallization inside the liquid slag of entrained flow gasifiers can increase the viscosity of the slag, affecting flow down the wall and resulting in operational problems. The chemical component of the slag is an intrinsic factor of crystallization characteristics. In the study presented here, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and the Single Hot Thermocouple Technique (SHTT) were combined...
In this paper, the effect of calcium on coal gasification in mixture agents containing both H2O and CO2 was investigated by comparing the gasification behaviors of the demineralized coal and calcium-loaded coal using Wucaiwan (WCW), a calcium-enriched low rank coal, as the raw material. TG analysis of pure CaCO3 was conducted at different conditions to reveal the catalytic mechanism of calcium. The...
Ultrafine particle emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) and Port Fuel Injection (PFI) vehicles under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) were measured by using the Differential Mobility Spectrometer 500 (DMS 500) for size distribution information and Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM) for morphological analysis. The first phase of the ECE 15 cycle (representing the urban driving...
This paper describes a sustainable alternative for biodiesel production. It consists in producing an emulsion by a high shear mixing process (4000rpm) between two immiscible liquids (methanol and soybean oil), in the presence of NaOH as catalyst. This simplified process improved significantly the biodiesel production since the transesterification reaction was carried out at room temperature, in 60s,...
Syngas from thermochemical conversion of waste or biomass is a renewable energy carrier that may contain pollutants – such as tar – that should be removed before further syngas utilisation. Chars have proved to be promising catalysts for tar cracking, but the influence of the physico-chemical properties on their reactivity is still unclear. This work aimed to better understand the structure and the...
The efficiency of spark ignition engine is usually limited by the appearance of knock, which is linked to fuel octane number (Research Octane Number – RON and Motor Octane Number - MON). If running the engine at its optimal efficiency requests a high octane number at high load, a lower octane number is only needed at low load.Based on this, the application of so-called Octane On demand concept, whereby...
In-cylinder air flow structures are known to play a major role in mixture preparation and engine operating limits for spark-ignition engines. In this paper PIV measurements were undertaken in an optical spark-ignition at 1500RPM, part-load with 0.5bar intake plenum pressure. One of the PIV planes was vertical, cutting through the centrally located spark plug (tumble plane). The other plane was horizontal...
Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets have been experimentally proved to be a highly efficiency, rapid and universal demulsifier to break up the crude oil-in-water emulsion and/or the emulsified oily waste water in our previous study. To recycle the GO nanosheets and avoid the possible contamination of GO for crude oil, in this work, the magnetic graphene oxide (M-GO) was successfully synthesized and used...
An experimental study was conducted on a single cylinder gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engine for gasoline-biodiesel (GB) blends from 5 to 20% by volume with varying starts of injection (SOI). In particular, the aim was to examine the combustion phenomena and exhaust emissions of the engine for the various SOI and chosen GB blends compared with neat diesel fuel. The engine was running with 1200rpm,...
Catalytic steam gasification of an Inner Mongolia lignite for hydrogen-rich gas production was investigated in a decoupled triple bed reaction system with olivine and Ni/olivine as both solid heat carrier and in-situ tar cracking/reforming catalyst. In the system, tar cracking/reforming, pyrolysis/gasification, and char combustion reactions are decoupled into three separated reactors, i.e. a reformer,...
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