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Four kinds of imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) were employed to catalyze the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil. The effects of molar ratio of methanol to rapeseed oil, catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, and reaction time, and the deactivation of water on catalytic activity were explored. The results showed that imidazolium ILs with long alkyl chains and sulfonated groups exhibited the...
Biodiesel is the potential substitute to petroleum diesel due to its renewable nature as it is derived from bio-based feedstocks. Both methanol and ethanol have been used as alcohol in transesterification reaction, but as methanol is normally derived from fossil resources, biodiesel produced cannot be termed as completely renewable. As per policies of government of India, Ethanol is being promoted...
Biodiesel is a renewable and environment friendly energy source, which is a potential alternative to petro-diesel. In the present study, mass production of microbial lipid by the yeast strain Rhodosporidium toruloides A29 was studied for biodiesel production. Realizing the importance of microbial lipids as a potential source for biodiesel, the strain was evaluated for higher biomass production using...
This paper describes a sustainable alternative for biodiesel production. It consists in producing an emulsion by a high shear mixing process (4000rpm) between two immiscible liquids (methanol and soybean oil), in the presence of NaOH as catalyst. This simplified process improved significantly the biodiesel production since the transesterification reaction was carried out at room temperature, in 60s,...
This study aimed to synthesized zeolites via a hydrothermal process in an alkaline medium using coal fly ashes as an alternative source of silicon. The zeolites were evaluated for their crystallinity, morphology, and surface area. The characterization of the sample revealed that the zeolite type sodalite was synthesized, and quartz and mullite were identified as by-products. The microstructure of...
This study examines the production of biodiesel from vegetable palm oil (VPO) via transesterification catalyzed by calcium oxide modified with titanium dioxide (CaO-TiO2) under UV light. Response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the biodiesel yield. The optimized conditions for transesterification were 2.52wt.% for catalyst dosage, 3:4 for volumetric...
Methyl esters have been considered a promising alternative fuel for fossil fuels. However, the methyl ester production from lipase catalysed direct transesterification is a time-consuming process. It is necessary to develop the method to reduce the operating time of the lipase catalysed direct transesterification. Various operating parameters were studied such as solvent/algae ratio, catalyst addition,...
Optimization and kinetic modeling of biodiesel production from non-edible Madhuca indica oil were investigated in this study. Type of catalyst, catalyst concentration, methanol amount, and reaction temperature were optimized by the univariate method. KOH was found as a better catalyst for conversion of mahua oil to biodiesel. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to determine the optimal...
Biodiesel production using residual oil from palm oil mill effluent (POME) and crude lipase from oil palm fruit as the substrate and catalyst had a high biodiesel yield (92.07±1.04%) under optimal conditions. POME is considered as an alternative source for oil because it contained high oil and grease content (5569.82mg/L). Oil was extracted from POME by the soxhlet method using a mixture of hexane,...
Ca2MgSi2O7 has been investigated in the transesterification of rapeseed oil with a view to determining its viability as a solid base catalyst for use in biodiesel synthesis. This catalyst exhibited both high catalytic activity and reusability, giving a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion of 99% when the reaction was conducted with 20wt% catalyst and a methanol/oil molar ratio of 10:1 at 190°C...
A novel polymer-based alkaline composite catalytic membrane (PACCM) for the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol in a flow-through mode, was prepared with sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan chloride supported into polypropylene non-woven fabric by nonsolvent induced phase separation. The transesterification with a conversion of above 97.0%...
Biodiesel production from Mucor circinelloides biomass was investigated by conventional method involving the lipid extraction using ethanol followed by transesterification (two-step process) in comparison with directly producing from the whole biomass without extraction (one-step process). Both processes used solid heteropolyacid catalyst (12-molybdophosphoric acid (H3PMo12O40) support on alumina...
Calcium aluminium oxide (Ca2Al2O5) was synthesized via solid state method by using calcium carbonate and alumina calcined at 900°C. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by TGA, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET. The particle size analysis and basicity test were also conducted. The catalyst was used for production of biodiesel using waste vegetable oil (WVO) as feedstock and methanol through transesterification...
This study provided a novel supercritical methanol transesterification process with little amount of CH3ONa catalyst to synthesize biodiesel from soybean oil by response surface technology. The maximum biodiesel yield was 97.42% under the optimal conditions of 250°C, methanol to oil molar ratio of 23:1, 1.0wt% CH3ONa and 20min. Temperature was proved to have the most significant effect on transesterification,...
Highly ordered mesoporous sulphated Zr-KIT-6(x) [x=Si/Zr] solid acid catalysts were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. Different weight fractions of zirconium were loaded into fixed gel in the acidic medium and then sulphated to get sulphated Zr-KIT-6(x) catalysts. X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analysis (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation) and microscopic techniques (SEM and TEM)...
A promising biochar-based catalyst was successfully developed from Jatropha curcas hull and de-oiled meal by incomplete carbonization and subsequent sulfonation. The catalysts were employed to produce functionalized blend components for low sulfur diesel. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TG-DSC, BET, FT-IR and SEM. The characterization results revealed that the catalysts consisted of irregular,...
The transesterification of soybean oil using sodium-loaded pumice (Na-pumice) catalyst synthesized through wet impregnation was investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface analysis were used to characterize the prepared Na-pumice catalysts. Response surface...
Production of biodiesel via the transesterification process using residual oil from palm oil mill effluent (POME) and hepatopancreas lipase as substrate and catalyst is proposed in this study. This is the first time POME oil and hepatopancreas lipase have been utilized. The optimum conditions for biodiesel production include enzyme loading of 40kUnit, a methanol/oil molar ratio of 6:1, a water content...
The main purpose of the present research is to develop an environmentally more attractive process for the production of biodiesel by using a magnetic separable solid catalyst. To achieve this, hydroxyapatite-encapsulated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (HAp-γ-Fe2O3) were prepared, and organic biguanide was then bound to the magnetic carrier via covalent attachments. The magnetic carrier and biguanide-functionalized...
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