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A V-type intersecting hole nozzle, in which each hole is formed by the coalescence of a pair of sub-holes, has been developed to improve fuel-air mixing for diesel engines. In this paper, a numerical study has been conducted to examine the effects of the V-type intersecting hole structure on the internal flow of a nozzle and the initial stage of the fuel-air mixing processes. With this aim, a multi-phase...
In this study, the effect of potassium on the cellulose fast pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor has been studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A multiphase pyrolysis model of cellulose has been implemented by integrating the hydrodynamics of the fluidized bed with an adjusted cellulose pyrolysis mechanism that accounts for the effect of potassium. The model has been validated with the...
To study natural gas hydrate formation in sediments, a one-dimensional visual hydrate simulator with three visual sapphire tubes and twelve electrode tips was designed and constructed. Using this device, the hydrate formation process was experimentally studied in coarse sands, silts, and natural clay marine sediments from free methane gas. During experiments, each of which lasting up to three weeks,...
Foamy oil flow behavior is reported in several high viscous reservoirs in the world, wherein reduction of pressure was noticed to be the main factor of such characteristics. It is also believed to be a significant recovery mechanism in numerous high viscous heavy oil reservoirs that have revealed higher recovery factors when compared with the fluid flow using ordinary Darcy equation. This research...
To achieve novel sorbent-catalysts with low cost and high activity for removing HCHO in flue gas, we prepared and investigated CuO-CeO2 supported on activated coke granules (CuCe/AC) for decomposition of gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) from simulated coal combustion flue gas. The results indicated that Cu3Ce8/AC exhibited remarkable conversion performance and good stability for HCHO removal. The presence...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of glow plug assist on a four-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine fueled with dieseline. Pressure sensor glow plugs (PSG) are utilized to assist low temperature combustion (LTC) at low to medium load range, and the glow plugs are required for fast response and accurate output control. Therefore, a glow plug control unit (GPCU) is developed,...
In high temperature gasification reactors, inert ashes coming with the feedstock deposit on the walls in the form of slag. In these kind of reactors, external cooling screens are used to control slag deposition. A transient 2D model was developed and implemented to simulate the growth of a slag liquid-solid layer at the walls of an entrained flow coal gasifier operating at 1200–1500°C and external...
Two different crystals of Fe2O3 prepared with and without KNO3 were respectively used as magnetic cores for supporting CaO, which were designated as CaO@γ-Fe2O3 and CaO@ hematite Fe2O3. The comparison of catalytic performance of both catalysts was studied by transesterification of soybean oil and methanol. The differences of two catalysts samples in the aspects of morphology, magnetism and basicity...
The thermodynamic analyses are focused on the determination of theoretical equilibrium concentrations of H2S, HCl and HF for La2O3, La2O2CO3 and CexOy-based sulfur compounds sorbents, on possible interferences of hydrogen halides in H2S removal in the temperature range 600–1100K and on upstream selective deep removal of HCl and HF in producer gas. Minimization of Gibbs energy for the system was used...
The challenges of future regarding the energy supply are linked to the limitation of fossil fuels, the avoidance of climatic relevant gases, and the worldwide increasing demand for energy. Therefore, the future energy supply is characterized by the increase of renewable energy: sun, water, wind and biomass. Entrained flow gasification of biomass is promising, since it is a highly efficient and flexible...
A constant suction negative pressure is used in coal mines owing to a lack of research on the effects of diffusion and suction negative pressure on methane extraction, resulting in the low methane concentration and utilization rate. In this study, Comsol Multiphysics is used to conduct a numerical solution of a gas–solid coupling model considering pseudo-steady diffusion in coal matrix, seepage in...
Thermal cracking processes such as visbreaking are used in the petroleum industry to reduce the viscosity of heavy feedstocks, such as atmospheric and vacuum residues, without forming coke or unstable asphaltenes. Thermal cracking offers a potential method to reduce the viscosity of heavy oils and bitumen, enabling their pipeline transportation with less solvent addition. Viscosity is the most important...
Super premium 95 octane gasoline is a special blend of petrol with a higher octane rating that can produce higher engine power, as well as knock-free performance for cars with a high-octane requirement. Super premium grade gasoline 95 is often adulterated with cheaper Premium grade 91 that lowers the octane number of the Super premium gasoline. In the present study a new Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy...
Solid fuel conversion in fluidized beds is often modelled with the use of population balances, where the fuel conversion process is divided into a number of classes based on for example fuel particle size. The present work investigates and evaluates different methods for the discretisation of the fuel conversion process into classes, as well as the number of classes necessary to yield a satisfactory...
The interactions in the “lignite-surfactant” system were studied with the aim of disclosing the mechanism of the decrease in hydrophilicity of lignite using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The inhibiting efficiency in the hydrophilicity of lignite by CTAB was studied by measuring the wetting heat using a Calvet calorimeter. The adsorption of CTAB to organic content and mineral matter was analyzed,...
Series of adsorbents based on Al2O3 supported Cu and Mn have been prepared and tested for mercury removal from gas streams under various conditions. The metal content, impregnating sequence and the gas composition have significant effect on the performance of the adsorbents. Co-impregnation of Cu and Mn solutions is simple but also of help to improve the Hg pickup capacity, due to the synergic effect...
In this work, we report the preparation of nanostructured NaTaO3 and SrTiO3 thin films on stainless steel substrates by laser assisted chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) and their application as photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution under UV light. The effect of the deposition conditions on the compositions and microstructures of the materials is discussed, and an integral study of the influence of...
This paper presents the experimental results from co-firing blends of El Cerrejon (EC) coal and cereal co-product (CCP) using several ratios (100/0; 75/25; 50/50; 0/100 (w/w)) under air- and oxy-firing conditions, in a retrofitted 100kWth pulverised fuel combustor. An on-line high-resolution multi-component Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) analyser was used to measure CO2, O2, H2O, CO, NO, NO2,...
This work investigates the performance of a mix of two emerging biofuels, butanol and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), in an Iveco Tector diesel engine with no aftertreatment. HVO, a possible drop-in fuel for diesel engines, features excellent combustion and emissions characteristics yet is relatively expensive, while two isomers of butanol, n-butanol and isobutanol, are less expensive oxygenated...
Present research work has centered on the improvement of carbon dioxide chemical absorption with piperidine aqueous solutions changing the solvent to reach better solvent characteristics and avoid certain negative items such as high toxicity and corrosion. This aim will be obtained by using solvents with an additional methyl group in the molecule in different parts of piperidine, and analyzing the...
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