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The mechanical thermal dewatering (MTE) process has been shown to effectively dewater high moisture content low rank coals via the application of mechanical force at elevated temperatures.Using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) as an investigative tool, this study examines how MTE processing conditions, such as temperature and pressure, affect the compressibility, pore size distribution, apparent...
Waste segregation is being explored as one of the potential effective ways for waste management, where wastes are separated for either recycling or energy recovery. In this paper, three segregated wastes, contaminated waste wood, cardboard and waste textile are pyrolysed in a slow-heating packed-bed reactor for the purpose of solid, liquid and gas recovery. The effect of final temperature was investigated...
The feasibility of conversion of propane to propylene in a fuel cell using yttrium-doped barium cerate as the proton-conducting electrolyte and platinum as anode and cathode catalysts was investigated. The distribution of gas products from anode outlet was analyzed by gas chromatography and, discussed under open circuit conditions and when discharging the fuel cell. Under open circuit conditions,...
This paper gives an overview of the potential on multi-criteria assessment of fuels. In order to apply the multi-criteria approach to fuels, it was necessary to use the multi-criteria procedure based on the sustainability index rating composed of linear aggregative functions of all indicators with weighting function. The examples under consideration are conventional gasoline (CG), conventional diesel...
Onion-like fullerenes (OLFs) were synthesized in high yields from coal by radio frequency plasma. The morphologies and structures of the products were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Results reveal that OLFs can be prepared from coal with high purity. The particles display a clear polyhedral or quasi-spherical morphology...
A study of the adsorption and reaction of NO in the presence of oxygen and water vapour on an activated carbon obtained from oil palm shells is presented. The study is based on the measurement of breakthrough curves, at temperatures between 100 and 150°C, and on the subsequent thermal desorption in a fix bed reactor. The concentration of the gas components, NO, O 2 and H 2 O, corresponds...
This study investigated experimentally the effects of fuel types and operating conditions on NO emission in a 0.45m I.D. pilot scale vortexing fluidized bed combustor. Rice husk, soybean, high and low sulfur subbituminous coals, and bituminous coal were used as fuels. Silica sand was employed as the bed material. The effects of various operating conditions, such as bed temperature, excess air ratio,...
Modelling approaches of biomass steam gasification are investigated that take into account both chemical and physical kinetic limitations. The gas phase can be described by two independent reactions: (i) the steam reforming of CH 4 , which is kinetically limited under the operating conditions (1073<T<1273K, p=1bar), (ii) the water–gas shift reaction, which would be close to equilibrium...
Adsorption is considered to be one of the more promising technologies for the capture of CO 2 from flue gases. In general, nitrogen enrichment is reported to be effective in enhancing the specific adsorbent–adsorbate interaction for CO 2 . Nitrogen enriched carbons were produced from urea–formaldehyde and melamine–formaldehyde resins polymerised in the presence of K 2 CO ...
A series of Pd/HZSM-5 (Si/Al 2 =165) catalysts without and with additives of oxides of La, Ce, Sm, Nd and Tb were prepared by the impregnation method, and characterized by XRD, Raman spectra, N 2 -adsorption, CO-chemisorption, O 2 -TPD and CH 4 -TPR techniques. The catalysts were investigated for low-temperature CH 4 combustion, and CeO 2 was found to...
Carbonaceous material produced from municipal waste (MW) was studied as a potential substitute for coal energy by evaluating its calorific values, chlorine content, and combustion behavior. The behaviors of calorific values and chlorine content of carbonized MWs (CMWs) during carbonization were investigated to replace the coal CMWs in the supply material of the existing boilers. By comparing the combustion...
The effect of the addition of ethanol (2% and 6%) during Fischer–Tröpsch (FT) synthesis has been investigated using a 10% Co/TiO 2 catalyst in a stirred basket reactor (T=220°C, P=8bar, H 2 /CO=2). The transformation of ethanol vapour (2% and 6% in nitrogen) over the Co/TiO 2 catalyst was also studied in the absence of the synthesis gas under FT reaction conditions. Ethanol...
The filtration of the coal-burning fly ash using fluidized beds with silica sand of 770μm under temperatures of 36, 300, 400, and 500°C was studied. The variations of the outlet concentration and particle size distribution (PSD) with time were measured to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the process. Experimental results showed that the overall collection efficiency decayed with the operation...
The dual fluidised bed gasification technology is prospective because it produces high caloric product gas free of N 2 dilution even when air is used to generate the gasification-required endothermic heat via in situ combustion. This study is devoted to providing the necessary process fundamentals for development of a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) biomass gasifier coupled to a pneumatic transported...
The use of conductometric titration in the determination of corrosive agents in automotive fuel ethanol has been studied. The methodology proposed is simple, fast, and sensitive and affords a larger repeatability and sensitivity in the analysis of total acidity and chloride content than the reference methods specified in the directives of ANP (National Petroleum Agency).
Catalytic performance of several bifunctional cobalt-based catalysts in slurry-phase Fischer–Tropsch synthesis has been investigated at 1MPa and 230°C. The catalysts were prepared according to the conventional impregnation method using SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , montmorillonite (K10 ® ), and various zeolites (USY, ZSM-5 and MCM-22) as a support. When an acidic support was applied,...
The aim of this study was to establish the real in situ influence of coal ash and slag transport and storage on the quality of neighboring surface and ground waters by applying correlation statistic analysis. It was found that the waste waters from the coal ash dump do not have any influence on the quality of the Danube river water. The Danube and the waste waters, however, influence the quality of...
Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) were synthesized from coal in large quantity by arc-discharge method in hydrogen-free atmosphere, which were systematically examined using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the as-synthesized DWNTs have an outer diameter of 1.0–5.0nm with...
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