Industrial Crops and Products

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Agricultural feedstocks: searching or waiting for the openings

W.J.M. Meijer

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 1 > 1-2

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The use of carvone in agriculture: sprout suppression of potatoes and antifungal activity against potato tuber and other plant diseases

Klaasje J. Hartmans, Peter Diepenhorst, Willem Bakker, Leon G.M. Gorris

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 1 > 3-13

Carvone (derived from caraway seed), previously identified as an effective potato sprout inhibitor, was examined under semi-practical storage conditions and compared with commonly used propham/chlorpropham (IPC/CIPC) mixtures. Carvone administered at regular intervals during long-term storage was able to control sprout growth equally well or more effectively than IPC/CIPC mixtures. Furthermore,...

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Physiological limitations to carvone yield in caraway (Carum carvi L.)

Harro J. Bouwmeester, Jacques A.R. Davies, Herman G. Smid, Ronald S.A. Welten

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 1 > 39-51

Although many authors have studied factors determining caraway essential oil quantity and quality, little progress has been made in improving these parameters. We will show that the lack of progress may be partly due to the misleading use of a concentration measure (g or ml of essential oil per g seed) instead of the absolute amount per seed. In the field, for both annual and biennial caraway, formation...

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Application of S-(+)-carvone in the synthesis of biologically active natural products using chemical transformations and bioconversions

Anja A. Verstegen-Haaksma, Henk J. Swarts, Ben J.M. Jansen, Aede de Groot, more

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 1 > 15-21

S-(+)-Carvone, the major compound of caraway oil, was used as chiral starting material in the synthesis of biologically active natural compounds. Two annulation methodologies were explored to synthesize bicyclic intermediates from the monocyclic S-(+)-carvone. The bicyclic intermediates were further transformed into (+)-α-cyperone, a compound with anti-malaria activity, ( )-polygodial, an insect-antifeedant,...

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S-Carvone as a natural potato sprout inhibiting, fungistatic and bacteristatic compound

K. Oosterhaven, B. Poolman, E.J. Smid

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 1 > 23-31

S-Carvone, a common monoterpene found in caraway (Carum carvi L.), inhibits the sprouting of potatoes very efficiently at continuous low head space concentrations.The length growth of potato sprouts was inhibited within 2 days following exposure to S-carvone. Sprouts were able to convert S-carvone into more reduced compounds.In addition, growth of the plant-pathogenic fungi Fusarium solani and Fusarium...

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Studies on major diseases of caraway (Carum carvi) in the Netherlands

A. Evenhuis, B. Verdam, M. Gerlagh, H.M. Goossen-van de Geijn

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 1 > 53-61

Anthracnose (Mycocentrospora acerina) and white mould (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) are major diseases of caraway (Carum carvi) in the Netherlands.Contaminated soil and infested caraway seeds are the principal inoculum sources of Mycocentrospora acerina in caraway. Disease incidence and severity of anthracnose can be reduced by crop management. The effect of reducing the nitrogen level and sowing rate...

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Breeding research and in vitro propagation to improve carvone production of caraway (Carum carvi L.)

H. Toxopeus, J.H. Lubberts, W. Neervoort, W. Folkers, more

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 1 > 33-38

The application of natural carvone from caraway essential oil as active ingredient in a new potato sprout inhibitor is expected to increase demand for caraway seed. In order to strengthen the supply side of this seed, amongst other things, breeding research is carried out towards carvone-productive varieties. The application of near infra-red spectrometry in a recurrent, divergent mass selection...

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Influence of alkaline pre-treatments on the cell wall components of wheat straw

Runcang Sun, J. Mark Lawther, W.B. Banks

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 2 > 127-145

The effects of alkaline pre-treatments of wheat straw have been examined in detail. In particular, treatments with increasing amounts of sodium hydroxide at a range of temperatures and exposure times have been investigated. A number of other alkaline or oxidizing agents have also been utilized and briefly assessed. Optimal conditions for delignification and dissolution of hemicellulosic polysaccharides...

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Multimodal molecular weight distributions of guayule rubber from high rubber yielding lines

J.L. Angulo-Sánchez, G. Neira-Velázquez, D. Jasso de Rodriguez

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 2 > 113-120

Molecular weight distribution (MWD) of guayule rubber extracted from well characterized, high rubber yielding plants, grown under controlled and natural conditions were observed to be multimodal (especially in young plants). The MWD curves apparently depend on genetic and environmental inter-relations, which have not been established. We believe that multimodal curves may reflect a batch type...

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Yield and quality of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) stem as affected by harvest date and irrigation

Stefania Mambelli, Silvia Grandi

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 2 > 97-104

In view of the potential for kenaf as a viable paper-pulp crop for Italian areas, a field trial was conducted in 1992 in Cadriano (latitude 44°3 N, longitude 11°2 E) to estimate quantitative and qualitative crop performance as influenced by harvest date (114, 129 and 152 days after emergence, DAE) and irrigation. The productivity of two mid-late cultivars (BG 52-38-2 and Everglade 41) was positively...

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Industrially feasible preparations of methyl 9(R)-hydroxy and methyl 9-oxostearate from Dimorphotheca seed oil

P.S.G. Tassignon, D. de Wit, L.F. De Buyck

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 2 > 121-125

Optimized procedures are described for the synthesis of methyl 9(R)-hydroxyoctadecanoate (2) and methyl 9-oxo-octadecanoate (3) based on Dimorphotheca pluvialis seed oil. Simple countercurrent separation and Oppenauer oxidation (benzoquinone, aluminum t-butoxide) were applied to prepare 2 and 3 in more than 90% yield. The procedures are potentially applicable on industrial scale and well suited...

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Optimization of the synthesis of a sperm whale oil analogue

D. García, T. García, A. Coteron, M. Martínez, more

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 2 > 105-111

The development and optimization of the synthesis of an analogue of sperm whale oil have been carried out. The product is an ester with similar characteristics to those of natural oils, and can be used as a substitute for these. A Factorial Design of Experiments and a Central Composite Design have been used in the synthesis of this fine chemical. The variables chosen were temperature and initial...

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Aloe vera L., a potential crop for cultivation under conditions of low-temperature winter and basalt soils

Y. Saks, N. Ish-shalom-Gordon

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 2 > 85-90

Aloe vera, an industrial crop whose gel is used in cosmetic production, is commonly cultivated on sandy plains of subtropical regions, and considered intolerant of low temperature. The present study reveals that A. vera introduced from Israeli deserts can be grown to a commercial size in the Golan Heights (350 a.s.l.; 32°54 N, 35°44 W), an area characterized by low winter temperature (minimum temperature...

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Properties of extruded starch-based plastic foam

Sandeep Bhatnagar, Milford A. Hanna

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 2 > 71-77

Plastic foam was made with 25% amylose corn starch and polystyrene or polymethylmethacrylate. The foam was formed with a commercial extruder at 120°C barrel temperature, 140 rpm screw speed and 6% moisture content. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated grafting between starch and plastics. Shipping bulk density, water solubility index, spring index and compressibility of extruded loose-fills were...

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Inactivation of proteinaceous protease inhibitors of soybeans by isolated fungi

M.M.T. Meijer, W.T.J. Spekking, L. Sijtsma, J.A.M. de Bont

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 2 > 147-154

Proteinaceous protease inhibitors, Kunitz Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor (KSTI) and Bowman Birk Inhibitor (BBI), in legume seeds reduce the digestibility of proteins in feed of monogastric animals. Enzymatic inactivation of these inhibitors will increase the nutritional value of the feed. The aim of this study was to obtain microorganisms which produce proteases which specifically inactivate the inhibitors...

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Ramie hemicellulose as beater additive in paper making from jute-stick kraft pulp

S.K. Bhaduri, I.N. Ghosh, N.L. Deb Sarkar

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 2 > 79-84

A degraded hemicellulose obtained from degumming liquor of ramie fibre was used as an additive during the beating operation of jute-stick pulp. Pulp properties, such as freeness, beating energy, etc., and the strength properties of the paper sheets were evaluated. It was found that the additive had a significant effect in reducing the energy consumption during the beating operation and in improving...

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Evidences for a satiating effect of defatted jojoba meal

Marnix Cokelaere, Gerda Flo, Eddy Decuypere, Sabien Vermaut, more

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 2 > 91-96

Supplementation of food with increasing doses (3, 5, and 10%) of defatted jojoba meal induced a pronounced dose-dependent food intake reduction in fasted and non-fasted rats. This effect was more pronounced in non-fasted than in fasted rats, which is typical for satiety agents. Water intake was reduced to the pair-fed level in non-fasted rats with free access to water and receiving food supplemented...

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Chemical composition of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed oil

Ali Mohamed, Harbans Bhardwaj, Anwar Hamama, C. Webber

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 3 > 157-165

Seeds from nine kenaf genotypes (Cubano, Everglades 41, Everglades 71, GR2563, Guatemala 48, Indian, 178-18RS-10, Tainung #1, and Tainung #2) were evaluated for oil, fatty acid, phospholipid, and sterol content. Oil content ranged from 21.4 to 26.4% with a mean of 23.7%. Total phospholipids ranged from 3.9 to 10.3% of the oil, with a mean of 6.0%. Mean sterol percent was 0.9 and ranged from 0.6%...

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Evaluation of six kenaf cultivars for resistance to Phymatotrichum omnivorum

C.G. Cook, J.L. Riggs, J.R. Smart, B.A. Mullin-Schading

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 3 > 229-232

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), a nonwood fiber crop, was recently reported to be susceptible to Phymatotrichum omnivorum, a soil-borne fungal pathogen of the southwestern United States. Field plot studies were conducted in 1991-1993 at Weslaco, TX in an area naturally infested with P. omnivorum. Six kenaf cultivars were evaluated for disease incidence at four weeks after initial symptoms and crop...

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Floral structure of Lesquerella fendleri

K.L. Kehl, E.H. Erickson

Industrial Crops & Products > 1995 > 4 > 3 > 213-217

The fine structures of the floral nectaries and stomata of Lesquerella fendleri (Brassicaceae), an emerging new oilseed crop, were determined using scanning electron microscopy. The external morphology of nectaries and their location relative to other floral structures are described. Most noteworthy is the discovery of stomata that are identical in appearance to those of the nectaries and uniformly...

INFONA - science communication portal

Industrial Crops and Products

Agricultural feedstocks: searching or waiting for the openings

The use of carvone in agriculture: sprout suppression of potatoes and antifungal activity against potato tuber and other plant diseases

Physiological limitations to carvone yield in caraway (Carum carvi L.)

Application of S-(+)-carvone in the synthesis of biologically active natural products using chemical transformations and bioconversions

S-Carvone as a natural potato sprout inhibiting, fungistatic and bacteristatic compound

Studies on major diseases of caraway (Carum carvi) in the Netherlands

Breeding research and in vitro propagation to improve carvone production of caraway (Carum carvi L.)

Influence of alkaline pre-treatments on the cell wall components of wheat straw

Multimodal molecular weight distributions of guayule rubber from high rubber yielding lines

Yield and quality of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) stem as affected by harvest date and irrigation

Industrially feasible preparations of methyl 9(R)-hydroxy and methyl 9-oxostearate from Dimorphotheca seed oil

Optimization of the synthesis of a sperm whale oil analogue

Aloe vera L., a potential crop for cultivation under conditions of low-temperature winter and basalt soils

Properties of extruded starch-based plastic foam

Inactivation of proteinaceous protease inhibitors of soybeans by isolated fungi

Ramie hemicellulose as beater additive in paper making from jute-stick kraft pulp

Evidences for a satiating effect of defatted jojoba meal

Chemical composition of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed oil

Evaluation of six kenaf cultivars for resistance to Phymatotrichum omnivorum

Floral structure of Lesquerella fendleri

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