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Batch and column experiments were conducted to study the effect of pore water velocity on the adsorption of cadmium (Cd) onto a homogeneous nonaggregated porous medium under controlled environmental conditions. A wide range (5-214 cm/hr) of pore water velocities was imposed to observe adsorption effects. The results of batch experiments showed that adsorption coefficients are affected by the solid-to-liquid...
Concentrations of total dissolved Cu and Cd and activities of their free ions in soil solution are suggested to be influenced by soil pH. The objective of this research was to study the relationships between free ionic activities and total dissolved concentrations of Cu and Cd and soil pH. Soil samples from Elkhorn, WI, USA (typic Argiudoll), were used as a model. Free ions Cu 2+ and...
The effect of major cations and ionic strength (I) on the chemistry of indigenous heavy metals, Cd, Cu and Zn in alkaline sodic and acidic soils was investigated. Both I and the nature of index cations had a marked effect on the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Cd, Cu and Zn in the soil liquid phase. With increasing I, the concentration of DOC decreased in all soils. A similar effect...
The environmental impact of metal additions to a soil depends on the metal sorption ability of the soil. This study compared the Cd and Pb sorption abilities of some selected English and Indian soils. The results showed that the English soils generally sorbed Cd and Pb more strongly and in greater amounts compared to the Indian soils. Soil pH, CEC, contents of organic matter, clay and CaCO 3 ...
A non-parametric approach for assessing the probability that heavy metal concentrations in soil exceed a location-specific environmental threshold is presented. The methodology is illustrated for an airborne Cd-contaminated area in Belgium. Non-stationary simple indicator kriging, using a soft indicator coding to account for analytical uncertainty, was used in combination with declustering weights...
Seven cadmium (Cd)-treated soils (10 mg Cd kg -1 soil) with contrasting pH (4.9-8.4), organic matter content (0.1-1.8%) and mineralogy were used to investigate the role of solid-phase fractions on Cd solubility and equilibrium. The concentration of total dissolved Cd in soil solution (69.95-512 μg Cd l -1 ), dissolved organic C (58-750 mg C l -1 ), and estimated...
The bioavailability and ultimate fate of heavy metals in the environment are controlled by chemical sorption. To assess competitive sorption of Pb and Cd, batch equilibrium experiments (generating sorption isotherms) and kinetics sorption studies were performed using single and binary metal solutions in surface samples of four soils from central Spain. For comparisons between soils, as well as, single...
Laboratory investigation was conducted to investigate the mechanism of cadmium sorption by pure calcium carbonate and to examine whether, reaction products of phosphate with calcium carbonate serve as a sink for sorption of toxic heavy metal cations like cadmium. The phosphatization of calcium carbonate (G.R) was carried out by treating it with orthophosphoric acid in Ca:P ratio of 5:3, 3:2, 4:3 and...
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is of great concern in the environment, because of its toxicity to animals and humans. This article reviews recent papers showing how soil factors (such as pH, phosphate, zinc, and organic matter), Cd hyperaccumulation, and soil amendments affect Cd availability. The studies confirm that the pH of the soil is usually the most important factor that controls uptake,...
This study compares Cd extractability using 13 commonly used extraction procedures for 28 soils, varying in composition (0–88% sand; 0.9–12.8% organic matter; pH 5.2–8.2) and contamination level (0.2–41.4mg kg −1 Cd). The procedures used were: soil solution extraction using rhizon soil moisture samplers, 0.01M CaCl 2 , 0.1M Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , 0.1M NaNO 3 , 1M NH...
Enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals using chelating agents and agricultural crops is widely discussed as a remediation technique for agricultural soils contaminated with low mobile heavy metals. In this study, phytoextraction efficiency of Zea mays after single and split applications of EDTA was tested on the laboratory and the field scale. EDTA effectively increased the mobility of target heavy...
Oolitic carbonates belonging to the Hauptrogenstein Formation of Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) age have been shown to be anomalously enriched in cadmium (Cd) throughout the Jura Mountains. Soils associated with this type of rock substratum may be naturally polluted with regards to Cd. At Schleifenberg (Canton Basel Land, Switzerland) the Hauptrogenstein Formation is almost entirely exposed along a trail...
The effects of adding a poultry manure (PM), a crushed cotton gin compost (CC), a sewage sludge (SS) and an organic municipal solid waste by-product (MSW) on the biological properties of a soil artificially polluted with cadmium (Cd) were studied. Soil samples were mixed with PM at a rate of 10%, CC at a rate of 17.2%, SS at a rate of 23.1% and MSW at a rate of 13.1% in order to apply the same amount...
Reactions of heavy metals with soils are important in determining their availability and fate in the environment. Mono-metal sorption and lability of sorbed cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in different representative soils from Egypt and Greece as influenced by their properties were investigated in this study. For this purpose eleven surface soil samples varying widely in their origin and properties were...
The aim of this research was (i) to compare the use of stable ( 111 Cd) and radioactive ( 109 Cd) isotopes for assessing the isotopically exchangeable pool of Cd (E Cd ), (ii) to evaluate a simpler alternative method, the extraction by 1 M CaCl 2 , (iii) to determine E Cd in a wide range of soil and contamination types and (iv) to assess how E Cd can...
Exposure to toxic metals from fruits is an important pathway of human exposure to soil pollutants, but few researches on metals accumulation in the soil–fruit system were performed. In this study, we conducted a systemic survey of Cd and Pb accumulations in the soil–mango (Mangifera indica L.) system from an uncontaminated area, Hainan Island, China. Results indicated that concentrations of Cd and...
The effect of five metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) and soil pH, organic matter (OM) and oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) on bioavailable Cd in contaminated areas downstream of the Padaeng Zn mine in Mae Sot, Tak Province, Thailand was investigated. Soil samples were collected to characterize the bioavailable fractions of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn by comparing weakly bound fractions with total metal...
The adsorption and desorption of carbendazim and cadmium (Cd) in soils (burozem and phaeozem) typically distributed in northeastern China were investigated at two different temperatures, 25 and 40°C. The effects of interaction between carbendazim and Cd on their adsorption and desorption were also discussed. The results showed that the adsorption of carbendazim was exothermic with ΔH Θ values...
Air-drying of soil samples is known to increase the exchangeable fraction of cadmium (Cd) in soil. Liming, on the other hand, reduces bioavailability of heavy metals in soil by metal hydrolysis reactions and/or coprecipitation with carbonate. However, due attention has not been paid to desorption and mobilization of Cd from air-dried and limed soils at realistic ionic strengths. We compared Cd desorption...
It is well established that the soil temperature impacts on the mobility of Cd in soil but the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality in this process is still unclear. During a 42-day period, soil solutions were sampled from a Cd-contaminated soil incubated at 10, 20 or 30°C. The quantity and the quality of DOM were monitored over time as well as the concentration and the speciation of dissolved...
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