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Rainfall provides the primary mechanism for soil erosion in South China. Winter is the dry season. Spring rain is related to frontal depressions while many summer rain events are associated with typhoons and tropical depressions. All parts of Guangdong Province experience many intense rainstorms that have potential for soil erosion. At the regional level, trend surface analysis suggests highest rainfall...
Daily rainfall measurements and microclimatological theory are employed to construct a model of net rainfall, evaporation and surface runoff from north- and south-facing hillslopes in a small basin where soil erosion research was conducted. Soil erosion studies in the area suggest a connection between slope aspect and land use which is simulated from the model. The forest is first changed to low vegetation,...
As a result of extensive field reconnaissance in southern India, a geographical traverse across the planation surface of the Karnataka uplands, which lie in the rainshadow of the Western Ghats, was selected to assess the consequences of a steep rainfall gradient on soil and landform patterns. The study of the traverse, described in detail, reveals a characteristic progression of soil type and wash...
Although soil erosion processes are directly related to the raindrop sizes and the kinetic energy of the rainfall, little is known about the drop-size distribution. The paper staining technique is used to measure the size of the raindrops for natural thunderstorms with different rainfall intensities in the Western Mediterranean basin (Canals and Valencia, Spain). Drop sizes are greater during the...
Assessing the impacts of climatic and, in particular, land use changes on rates of soil erosion by water is the objective of many national and international research projects. However, over the last decades, most research dealing with soil erosion by water has concentrated on sheet (interrill) and rill erosion processes operating at the (runoff) plot scale. Relatively few studies have been conducted...
Clays on the steep slopes of a small artificial sedimentary basin (sandpit quarry) alternately desiccate/crack and erode during hot dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Small irregular blocks of clay (IBC) predefined by cracks are released by gully erosion. The IBCs are quickly transported to the slope base and then rolled down the basin bottom by runoff. Due to rotation about a randomly changing...
Global climate has changed over the past century. Precipitation amounts and intensities are increasing. In this study we investigated the response of seven soil erosion models to a few basic precipitation and vegetation related parameters using common data from one humid and one semi-arid watershed. Perturbations were made to inputs for rainfall intensities and amounts, and to ground surface cover...
In arid zones, runoff is frequently generated as a result of the crust development on the soil surface. This crust is a thin layer of greater density, high shear strength, finer pores and has a lower saturated hydraulic conductivity than the underlying soil. The objective of the research reported herein was to study the factors that influence the generation of runoff in small plots under natural rainfall...
Linear superposition approach, which states that composite resistance of different types of roughness elements equals to the sum of individual resistance, has been widely adopted in the study of overland flow hydraulics. The approach assumes that different roughness elements act independently in the flow. This seems to be implausible because roughness elements in shallow overland flow are often close...
The Souar lithologic formation in semi-arid Tunisia is undergoing severe gully erosion which is threatening soil and water resources. Soil conservation strategies have focused more on terracing than on gully control techniques, since the contribution of gully sediment yield in the overall soil loss from watersheds is unknown. The paper reports investigations into the sediment yield provided by head-cut...
Due to rainfall variation and poor land cover, water erosion in the loess hilly area is severe and experiences high temporal fluctuations, which increase the difficulties of erosion quantification, prediction and control. In this study, 15 runoff plots were implemented in Dingxi, a typical loess hilly area of Gansu Province since 1986. Three typical years representing WY (wet year), NY (normal year)...
This paper examines the relations between rainfall, runoff and suspended sediment transport in the Isábena basin during a quasi-average hydrological year. The Isábena is a mesoscale river basin that drains a mountainous area comprising patches of highly erodible materials (badlands). The paper includes an analysis of the different hydrological and sedimentary responses of the catchment to a similar...
As is the case around the world, Azerbaijan province in northwestern Iran experiences numerous landslides that occur following intensive precipitation periods. These landslides damage many aspects of human life as well as the natural environment, and hence it should be evaluated accurately. However, one of the main challenges of landslide studies is the estimation of the periods between potential...
To assess the usability of satellite rainfall estimates for erosion studies in Cape Verde, the 3B42 and 3B43 products from TRMM, and the Multi-Sensor Precipitation Estimate MPE from Meteosat are compared to daily and monthly ground rainfall measured between 1998 and 2010. TRMM estimates from 1998 and MPE from 2009 were studied and it was found that they detect the general trend and direction of rainy...
Many slope failures have been observed in the mountainous environments of the world due to rainfall events. However, studies related to the correlation of rainfall intensity, sliding initiation time and the position of slip surface head are still lacking. Studies on the mechanisms of retrogressive slope failure that may occur in a series and the down-slope displacement of failure mass are also rare...
Cultivation on steep land has long been blamed as a major contributor of water erosion in many fragile regions of the world. Soil and water loss from gentle slopes, however, are always subjectively considered less important and are even neglected in practice. In this study, 21 plots including seven crop-rotation types (CRTs) under three different slight gradients (10°, 15°, 20°), were established...
The effective depth of transfer (EDT) between surface soil and runoff was determined by varying the physical properties of the soil, rain intensities (RIs), slope gradients, initial water contents, and soil amendment. The effects of these factors on the EDT were quantified with simulated rain. The EDT increased (0.12–1.09cm) with an increase of RI and slope gradient (0–30°), and the effect of RI was...
This study established an in-situ instrumentation program with an automatic logging system to monitor the variation of soil moisture content with time at different elevations in a residual soil slope. The role of time in the hydrological behavior of a residual soil slope during a rainfall event was investigated in terms of soil moisture content. A typical relationship between soil moisture content...
Gravity erosion is a dominant geomorphic process on the widespread steep loess slopes, yet it is not well understood due to the complexity of failure occurrence and behavior. This study conducted a series of experiments in the laboratory to test the stability of different slope geometries and rainfalls and then performed a sensitivity analysis to quantitatively explore the triggering mechanisms of...
Chemical transfer is considered as one of the main contributors to water pollution. Three physical based models (complete-, incomplete-mixing models and the equivalent model of convection) were refined and applied to describe the process of solute transport into runoff on loessial slope land. The effects of rain intensity, slope gradient and initial water content on solute transport was studied with...
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