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Sediment samples were collected during four years from two plots, one covered by natural vegetation and the other, a ''replica'' of the same plot, from which the vegetation was removed manually (disturbed plot), in order to evaluate the effects of vegetal cover on sediment particle size distribution. Particle-size was measured using a Coulter LS130 laser diffraction device. The effective size distribution...
The influence of slope gradient on erosion rate differs for rill and interrill conditions. Rill erosion increases substantially more with increasing slope gradient than interrill erosion. Combining the two erosion processes into single data sets led to the development of regression equations (e.g., USLE) that overestimated the effect of slope gradient on erosion rate for low slope gradients and short...
Based on the data from the Yellow River and its tributaries, a systematic study has been made of the spatial and temporal variations in grain-size feature of suspended sediment. The grain-size characteristics of suspended sediment in the Yellow River basin are closely influenced by precipitation, seasonal alternations of wind and water action, and the nature of surface materials. The lower the mean...
This paper integrates concepts derived from the literature to focus upon interactions between riparian vegetation and river channel dynamics in alpine glacier basins. Discussion of the nature and variability of discharge and sediment regimes of alpine glacier-fed rivers; downstream variations in the physical character of the river channel and corridor; consequent downstream variations in lateral processes;...
This paper presents and discusses data on rainfall, stage and estimated discharge for a large flood occurring in two catchments in southeast Spain in September 1997. Rainfall and stage were recorded using automatic logging equipment and discharge was estimated using measurements of channel cross-sections and water depth estimated from trash lines. Total precipitation in the Rambla de Torrealvilla...
The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of logging on landslide activity in Clayoquot Sound on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. A total of 1004 landslides were documented in order to test the hypothesis that areas affected by logging activities show different density, frequency and magnitude characteristics of landsliding than areas unaffected by logging. The...
This paper deals with the evolution of abandoned fields in semi-arid environments. The study has been carried out in the Central Ebro Depression, NE Spain, where large areas traditionally cropped with cereals alternating with fallow have been recently set-aside, following the agrarian policy of the European Union. Most of the information has been obtained using a rainfall simulator on 220 m 2...
This study focuses on the soils and surficial volcaniclastic layers of Haleakala's crater (Maui, Hawaii). The main objective is to assess the effects of covers with fragments of various sizes (ash, cinder, lapilli) on soil water conservation. Soil and gravel samples were collected in Haleakala National Park from a site at 2505 m where the Hawaiian silversword, a giant rosette-plant, grows densely...
Sampling along the River Lahn, a major tributary to the River Rhine that flows through an agrarian region of west-central Germany, reveals that heavy metal pollution occurs outside major industrial regions and mined landscapes. Along a 60-km reach of the river between Marburg and Wetzlar, mean concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn at depths of 5 and 15 cm in four floodplain transects were greater than background...
Excavations of Danish burial mounds dated to the South Scandinavian Early Bronze Age (1700-1000 BC) occasionally show thin iron pans encapsulating the interior of the mounds. When strongly cemented these pans can be classified as placic horizons. The encapsulated core was often wet and anaerobic and in Jutland well-preserved oaken log coffins with remnants of organic artefacts and human beings were...
Inappropriate land use is one of the main reasons for soil erosion and nutrient loss in the hilly loess area. In the Yangjuangou catchment, which has typical hill and gully topography, the effects of land use changes on soil erosion and the distribution of soil nutrients and moisture were studied at the three spatial scales of total catchment, transect and land use type. Between 1984 and 1996, forest...
Gullies (locally termed dongas) are a characteristic feature of the landscape in central KwaZulu-Natal and are highly associated with widespread, stratified colluvial sediments and the buried palaeosols that have formed in this material. Research objectives were to find out which sediment property or properties contribute most to the vulnerability of the colluvium to gully erosion; to study the erosion...
The paper describes the application of caesium-137 measurements for estimating soil erosion rates in a small catchment in the Three Gorges region of the Yangtze River, China. The construction of the Three Gorges Dam has drawn attention to the impact of erosion and sedimentation, but there are relatively few quantitative estimates of sediment transfer for this area. The suitability of the fallout radionuclide,...
Soils with the morphological features of podzols are widespread in coastal East Antarctica. Neither the World Reference Base of Soil Resources (WRB) nor Soil Taxonomy (ST) adequately classify these soils, so we recommend the addition of Spodic Cryosol at the second hierarchical level in WRB and Spodorthel at the great group level of ST. We divide the Spodic Cryosols into ornithogenic and non-ornithogenic...
The evidence presented by numerous investigations of the interface between lichens and their rock substrates strongly suggests that the weathering of minerals can be accelerated by the growth of at least some lichen species. The effects of lichens on their mineral substrates can be attributed to both physical and chemical processes. The physical effects are reflected by the mechanical disruption of...
The ice-free antarctic vegetation oases are characterized by specific soil patterns. Four organic soils from mosses in Wilkes Land close to the Australian Casey Station (latitude: 66 o 18'S, longitude: 110 o 32'E) are discussed with respect to soil formation, ecology, and distribution. A soil survey of the ice-free coastal landscape suggests that mosses are the main source of organic...
A silt mantle enriched in Ca is important in buffering soils on quartzitic terrane in the southeastern Uinta Mountains. We examined 32 pedons along an elevational gradient on the south slope of the eastern Uintas to determine the amount of the silt and its importance to pedogenesis. The pedons were in the upper montane forest (2700–3000 m), subalpine forest (3000–3400 m) and alpine tundra (3400–3850...
During the Quaternary, Sierra Nevada (southern Spain) was affected by several glacial–periglacial episodes, decreasing progressively in intensity with time. These cold episodes alternated with the ones characterized by landscape stability and soil formation. Twelve soils that were formed on pre-glacial surfaces and glacial deposits of various ages were studied in four sectors: Laguna Seca, Lanjarón...
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