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Background: RNA-protein interactions stabilize many viruses and also the nucleoprotein cores of enveloped animal viruses (e.g. retroviruses). The nucleoprotein particles are frequently pleomorphic and generally unstable due to the lack of strong protein-protein interactions in their capsids. Principles governing their structures are unknown because crystals of such nucleoprotein particles that diffract...
Background: Parvoviruses are small icosahedral single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses which replicate in rapidly proliferating cells, causing a variety of serious and often lethal diseases in mammals, including humans. The structure of canine parvovirus (CPV) showed an 11-nucleotide oligomeric fragment of its genome bound to 60 equivalent binding sites on the inside surface of the capsid. This provides...
Background: Simian virus 40 (SV40) and murine polyomavirus (polyoma) are non-enveloped DNA tumor viruses. Their structurally similar capsids, about 500 å in diameter, are formed by 72 pentamers of the major coat protein VP1. Results We describe in this paper the structure determination of SV40 and polyoma at 3.8 å resolution, focusing particularly on methodological issues, and on a comparison of the...
Background: The structure of simian virus 40 (SV40), previously determined at 3.8 å resolution, shows how its pentameric VP1 assembly units are tied together by extended C-terminal arms. In order to define more precisely the possible assembly mechanisms, we have refined the structure at 3.1 å resolution. Results New data from a high-intensity synchrotron source have been used for phase extension by...
Background: Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the prototypical virus of the genus orbivirus in the family Reoviridae and causes an economically important disease in domesticated animals, such as sheep. BTV is larger and more complex than any virus for which comprehensive atomic level structural information is available. Its capsid is made primarily from four structural proteins two of which, VP3 and VP7,...
Background: Bluetongue virus (BTV), which belongs to the Reoviridae family and orbivirus genus, is a non-enveloped, icosahedral, double-stranded RNA virus. Several protein layers enclose its genome; upon cell entry the outer layer is stripped away leaving a core, the surface of which is composed of VP7. The structure of the trimeric VP7 molecule has previously been determined using X-ray crystallography...
Background: Polioviruses are human pathogens and the causative agents of poliomyelitis. Polioviruses are icosahedral single-standed RNA viruses, which belong to the picornavirus family, and occur as three distinct serotypes. All three serotypes of poliovirus can infect primates, but only type 2 can infect mice. The crystal structures of a type 1 and a type 3 poliovirus are already known. Structural...
Background: Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is a major pathogen that dramatically reduces rice production in many African countries. RYMV belongs to the genus sobemovirus, one group of plant viruses with icosahedral capsids and single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes.Results: The structure of RYMV was determined and refined to 2.8 A resolution by X-ray crystallography. The capsid contains 180...
Background: The dsDNA bacteriophage PRD1 has a membrane inside its icosahedral capsid. While its large size (66 MDa) hinders the study of the complete virion at atomic resolution, a 1.65-A crystallographic structure of its major coat protein, P3, is available. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and three-dimensional reconstruction have shown the capsid at 20-28 A resolution. Striking architectural...
We report the 2.7 A resolution structure of a chimeric rhinovirus, MN-III-2, that displays part of the HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop and elicits HIV-neutralizing antibodies. The V3 loop insert is dominated by two type I β turns. The structures of two adjacent tripeptides resemble those of analogous segments in three Fab/V3 loop peptide complexes. Although two of the three corresponding antibodies bind and neutralize...
Although non-human adenoviruses (AdVs) might offer solutions to problems posed by human AdVs as therapeutic vectors, little is known about their basic biology. In particular, there are no structural studies on the complete virion of any AdV with a non-mammalian host. We combine mass spectrometry, cryo-electron microscopy, and protein crystallography to characterize the composition and structure of...
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