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Background: The repeating disaccharide and pentapeptide units of the bacterial peptidoglycan layer are connected by a lactyl ether bridge biosynthesized from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate in sequential enol ether transfer and reduction steps catalyzed by MurA and MurB respectively. Knowledge of the structure and mechanism of the MurB enzyme will permit analysis of this unusual enol...
Background: Adenylate kinases undergo large conformational changes during their catalytic cycle. Because these changes have been studied by comparison of structures from different species, which share approximately one-third of their residues, only rough descriptions have been possible to date. Results We have solved the structure of unligated adenylate kinase from Escherichia coli at 2.2 å resolution...
Background: Cellulases, which catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in cellulose, can be classified into several different protein families. Endoglucanase CelA is a member of glycosyl hydrolase family 8, a family for which no structural information was previously available.Results The crystal structure of CelA was determined by multiple isomorphous replacement and refined to 1.65 a resolution...
Background: p21 ras is one of the GTP-binding proteins that act as intercellular molecular switches. The GTP-bound form of p21 ras sends a growth-promoting signal that is terminated once the protein is cycled back into its GDP-bound form. The interaction of guanine-nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs) with p21 ras leads to activation of the protein...
Background UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA), catalyses the first committed step of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis and is a target for the antibiotic fosfomycin. The only other known enolpyruvyl transferase is 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, an enzyme involved in the shikimic acid pathway and the target for the herbicide glyphosate. Inhibitors of enolypyruvyl...
Background: 3-Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IPMDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) belong to a unique family of bifunctional decarboxylating dehydrogenases. Although the ICDH dimer catalyzes its reaction under a closed conformation, known structures of the IPMDH dimer (without substrate) adopt a fully open or a partially closed form. Considering the similarity in the catalytic mechanism, the...
Background: β-Keto acyl carrier protein reductase (BKR) catalyzes the pyridine-nucleotide-dependent reduction of a 3-oxoacyl form of acyl carrier protein (ACP), the first reductive step in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and a reaction often performed in polyketide biosynthesis. The Brassica napus BKR enzyme is NADPH-dependent and forms part of a dissociable type II fatty acid synthetase (FAS). Significant...
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