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Background: Control of intracellular events by protein phosphorylation is promoted by specific protein kinases. All the known protein kinases possess a common structure that defines a catalytically competent entity termed the ‘kinase catalytic core’. Within this common structural framework each kinase displays its own unique substrate specificity, and a regulatory mechanism that may be modulated by...
Background: Eukaryotic cell cycle progression is regulated by cyclin dependent protein kinases (CDKs) whose activity is regulated by association with cyclins and by reversible phosphorylation. Cyclins also determine the subcellular location and substrate specificity of CDKs. Cyclins exhibit diverse sequences but all share homology over a region of approximately 100 amino acids, termed the cyclin box...
Background: In contrast to the myosins of vertebrate skeletal muscle, molluscan myosins are regulated molecules whose enzymatic activity is switched on by the direct binding of Ca 2+ . The head portion (S1) of the molecule consists of a motor domain and a regulatory domain (RD) containing a 'regulatory' and an 'essential' light chain (RLC and ELC, respectively). The structures of scallop...
Background In contrast to conventional muscle myosins, where two different light chains (LCs) stabilize the elongated regulatory domain (RD) region of the head portion of the molecule, unconventional myosins are a diverse group of motors in which from one to six calmodulin (CaM) subunits are bound tandemly to the RD. In both cases, the heavy chains of the RDs have special sequences called 'IQ motifs'...
Background: The Arabidopsis thaliana HAL3 gene product encodes for an FMN-binding protein (AtHal3) that is related to plant growth and salt and osmotic tolerance. AtHal3 shows sequence homology to ScHal3, a regulatory subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisae serine/threonine phosphatase PPz1. It has been proposed that AtHal3 and ScHal3 have similar roles in cellular physiology, as Arabidopsis transgenic...
Immune inhibitor A(InhA)-type metallopeptidases are potential virulence factors secreted by members of the Bacillus cereus group. Two paralogs from anthrax-causing Bacillus anthracis (BaInhA1 and BaInhA2) were shown to degrade host tissue proteins with broad substrate specificity. Analysis of their activation mechanism and the crystal structure of a zymogenic BaInhA2 variant revealed a ∼750-residue...
Src kinase activity is controlled by various mechanisms involving a coordinated movement of kinase and regulatory domains. Notwithstanding the extensive knowledge related to the backbone dynamics, little is known about the more subtle side-chain dynamics within the regulatory domains and their role in the activation process. Here, we show through experimental methyl dynamic results and predicted changes...
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