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Background: Elongation factor G (EF-G) catalyzes the translocation step of translation. During translocation EF-G passes through four main conformational states: the GDP complex, the nucleotide-free state, the GTP complex, and the GTPase conformation. The first two of these conformations have been previously investigated by crystallographic methods.Results The structure of EF-G.GDP has been refined...
Background: The predominant mechanism of antibiotic resistance employed by pathogenic bacteria against the clinically used aminoglycosides is chemical modification of the drug. The detoxification reactions are catalyzed by enzymes that promote either the phosphorylation, adenylation or acetylation of aminoglycosides. Structural studies of these aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes may assist in the development...
Background: The bacterial cell wall and the enzymes that synthesize it are targets of glycopeptide antibiotics (vancomycins and teicoplanins) and β-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins). Biosynthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan requires a crosslinking of peptidyl moieties on adjacent glycan strands. The d-alanine-d-alanine transpeptidase, which catalyzes this crosslinking, is the target of β-lactam...
Background: β-lactam antibiotic therapies are commonly challenged by the hydrolytic activities of β-lactamases in bacteria. These enzymes have been grouped into four classes: A, B, C, and D. Class B β-lactamases are zinc dependent, and enzymes of classes A, C, and D are transiently acylated on a serine residue in the course of the turnover chemistry. While class A and C β-lactamases have been extensively...
Mitomycin C (MC) is a potent anticancer agent. Streptomyces lavendulae, which produces MC, protects itself from the lethal effects of the drug by expressing several resistance proteins. One of them (MRD) binds MC and functions as a drug exporter. We report the crystal structure of MRD and its complex with an MC metabolite, 1,2-cis-1-hydroxy-2,7-diaminomitosene, at 1.5 A resolution. The drug is sandwiched...
β-lactamases are the most widespread resistance mechanisms to β-lactam antibiotics, and there is a pressing need for novel, non-β-lactam drugs. A database of over 200,000 compounds was docked to the active site of AmpC β-lactamase to identify potential inhibitors. Fifty-six compounds were tested, and three had K i values of 650 μM or better. The best of these, 3-[(4-chloroanilino)sulfonyl]thiophene-2-carboxylic...
Cocrystal structures of Methanococcus jannaschii diaminopimelate decarboxylase (DAPDC) bound to a substrate analog, azelaic acid, and its L-lysine product have been determined at 2.6 A and 2.0 A, respectively. This PLP-dependent enzyme is responsible for the final step of L-lysine biosynthesis in bacteria and plays a role in β-lactam antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Substrate specificity...
Bacteriophage PRD1 is unusual, with an internal lipid membrane, but has striking resemblances to adenovirus that include receptor binding spikes. The PRD1 vertex complex contains P2, a 590 residue monomer that binds to receptors on antibiotic-resistant strains of E. coli and so is the functional counterpart to adenovirus fiber. P2 structures from two crystal forms, at 2.2 and 2.4 A resolution, reveal...
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a global public health threat. Methicillin resistance is carried on mobile genetic elements belonging to the staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) family. The molecular mechanisms that SCC elements exploit for stable maintenance and for horizontal transfer are poorly understood. Previously, we identified several conserved SCC genes with putative functions...
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