Appetite
The present study was designed to test whether dietary restraint mediates the relationship between body dissatisfaction and bulimic eating patterns in a sample of 172 university females. Contrary to what was expected the results showed that body dissatisfaction mediated the relationship between dietary restraint and bulimic patterns of eating. Thus the results highlight the primary importance of body...
The effects of the introduction of timed pauses within meals and palatability on food intake and changes in rated appetite during a meal were assessed in three experiments in which volunteers ate a lunch of pasta with a tomato sauce. Eating was monitored using a disguised electronic balance attached to a micro-computer, which also allowed the introduction of timed pauses within meals. In the first...
The immediate post-ingestive effects of temperature on thirst reduction were explored. Thirst was assessed by both ratings and a volume selection task. Supplementary ratings assessed mouth dryness and stomach fullness. All measures were taken before and 0, 2.5 and 5 min after drinking one of four water samples (150 ml/5 o C, 400 ml/5 o C, 150 ml/22 o C or 400 ml/22 o ...
The effect of one week of supplementation with a water-soluble fibre (guar gum) was studied in obese women who had lost weight. In study 1 (N=17; mean+/-SEM: age 38.5+/-2.3 yrs; weight 86.8+/-2.3 kg; BMI 32.2+/-0.9 kg.m - 2 ) energy intake and hunger and satiety scores were assessed under free-living conditions. In study 2 (N=14; age 44.5+/-1.8 yrs; weight 78.8+/-3.1 kg; BMI 29.0+/-0.9...
Many omnivores and herbivores exhibit an appetite for sodium or salt (NaCl) solutions, but a similar sodium appetite has not been demonstrated in carnivores. The choice for or against sodium-adequate diets of sodium-replete and depleted kittens (confirmed by an elevated plasma aldosterone concentration) was examined using a two-bowl choice test. Both bowls contained purified diets, one bowl with one...
The aims were to study food and general neophobia in Swedish families, age and gender differences and familial resemblance. Also, the relationships between the level of food neophobia of individual family members and earlier experience with and the likelihood of future tasting of specific foods were investigated. A group of randomly selected families (nation-wide, stratified,N=1593) with children...
A nonreactive observational study in full-service restaurants showed group size to be positively correlated with length of stay. Among the serendipitous findings were the role of reading in lengthening duration and the paucity of lone diners in full-service restaurants.
This study was done to provide basic descriptive data on the variation in meal frequency in the U.S. The data analysed were from the 1987-1988 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS), a stratified random sample of American households. Participants were asked to provide one 24-h diet recall and two 1-day diet records. Individuals who were pregnant, lactating, or younger than 19 years old were excluded...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between meal pattern and diet. Nutrient contents of meals, snacks and other eating occasions were compared and differences in dietary intake analysed between respondents following a conventional meal pattern and others. A random sample of 1861 adults aged 25-64 from four regions of Finland completed a mailed questionnaire and 3-day food...
Neuroscience techniques have made major contributions to the understanding of appetitive behavior. Highlights in six areas are summarized to illustrate progress during the 25 years of the Columbia Appetitive Behavior Seminar: (1) discovery of angiotensin and aldosterone in the control of thirst and salt appetite; (2) electrophysiological decoding of chemoreceptive information in the brain; (3) a new...
This article traces the development of the science of eating in the United States from the experiment of Cannon and Washburn in 1912 until the founding of the Appetitive Seminar at Columbia in 1972. The interplay between the intrinsic aspects of science that depend on the sequence of ideas, techniques, and results, and the extrinsic influences of the Zeitgeist is emphasized.
Nutrient intakes and meal patterns of 8.6 to 15.6 month old infants were investigated by analysing data collected by the caregivers of 29 infants. The caregivers maintained a 7-day diary which included everything the infant ate and other factors including people present during meal time and time of meals. Daily intake and meal size increased as age increased for the infants. A high level of variability...
In the 1920s Curt Richter (1927) stated that the central problem for psychology was to discover the determinants of the initiation and termination of bouts of behavior. Ignoring this challenge, experimentation in animal psychology has been dominated by the session paradigm in which animals work in brief sessions for a resource of which they have been deprived. In thisopen economy, no behavioral strategy...
The study of appetitive behavior in relation to obesity is now being enriched by molecular-genetic findings in experimental animals with genetic obesity and associated ''feeding disorders''. The opinion is expressed that the mutual enrichment of the disciplines of behavior and molecular biology will place the study of human ingestive behavior on a firm scientific base.
The six major research advances in metabolic and hormonal controls of food intake that have altered the direction or have broadened the scope of the field in the last 25 years are discussed. The advances selected are: (1) GI processes and meal termination-the CCK pathway; (2) Brain insulin hypothesis; (3) Glucose-dependent processes in periphery, plasma, and brain including the transient declines...
During the past 25 years there has been measurable progress in the understanding and treatment of the three eating disorders-anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. This progress has occurred in four areas-diagnosis, measurement, etiology and treatment. The introduction of diagnosis into the field of eating disorders, which involved a new emphasis on measurement, facilitated studies...