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Strategies for preference conditioning were investigated in children (Experiment 1) and adults (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, subjects were 49 children, between the ages of 2 and 5 years old. The results showed that initially mixing grapefruit juice with the sweet taste of sucrose increased liking for the sour taste of grapefruit juice (without the added sucrose) and that this increased liking persisted...
Dysfunctional eating patterns and excessive weight gains have been observed during recovery from drug and alcohol addictions. Yet, little is known about food choice behaviors among substance abusers and the role that food plays in their lives. The purpose of this study was to understand how men at different stages of recovery from substance addictions experienced food and eating, weight changes, and...
The Negev Bedouin are desert dwellers in high summer heat and scarce shade and water. They are under pressure to cease their traditional way of life. To document, while still possible, how traditional Bedouin nutritional habits may have accommodated to these conditions, we evaluated sodium appetite, diet and drinking in Bedouin women (n=31) who still partially maintained their traditional way of life...
Eating is an action open to awareness by the individual; however, it cannot be claimed that processes that control the expression of eating habits are necessarily explicit. This distinction between implicit and explicit processes may enhance understanding of the expression of food reward (particularly the concepts of liking and wanting [Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, T. E. (2003). Parsing reward...
This study reports the results of 12 focus group interviews with primary school students (7–10 years old, n=57) in Florianópolis, Brazil, regarding their food choices, television (TV) viewing, and physical activity habits. In 2005, an average Brazilian child aged 4–11 years watched TV almost 5h per day. Intensive TV use in childhood and adolescence may contribute to sedentarism and unhealthy eating...
The role of brain reward mechanisms, and associated personality traits, are of growing interest to researchers in the field of eating behaviours and obesity. However, the direction of causal influence has produced some debate and inconsistency in the literature. Some have argued that a reward deficiency syndrome increases the risk for obesity while others have claimed that a heightened sensitivity...
The aims of the present research were to uncover the underlying structure of the relationship between parents’ and children's preferences and avoidances in the food domain, and to determine whether this structure revealed any differences as a function of children's age. Two hundred and eighty-two parent–child dyads (children aged 10–20) completed a self-administered questionnaire on eating attitudes...
Weight gain associated with smoking cessation impedes attempts to quit smoking and may lead to obesity. One factor that might contribute to weight gain is cravings for sweet or rich foods. To date, no reliable measure exists for evaluating these cravings. The purpose of the current study was to validate an assessment of craving for sweet or rich foods for use among smokers. With a sample of 385 smokers...
Concerns about food safety, and mistrust of food production systems within China, result in imported food products generally enjoying a higher reputation than locally produced food products. Findings from interviews of gatekeepers are discussed in relation to conspicuous consumption, social trust, and the symbolic value of foreign brands and production. The issue of social safety emerges as a dominant...
The aim of the present study was to test if the social context represented by eaters’ faces expressing emotions can modulate the desire to eat meat, especially for unfamiliar meat products. Forty-four young men and women were presented with two series of photographs. The first series (non-social context) was composed of eight meat pictures, four unfamiliar and four familiar. The second series (social...
The effects of moderate amounts of different alcoholic beverages on oxidative stress and nutritional parameters were investigated in 40 healthy subjects. Ethanol 40g/day was administered at the two main meals for 30 days by beer (group A), wine (group B) or spirit (group C); controls (group D) maintaned abstinence. Malondyaldeide (MDA), adenosine-triphosphate (ATP), reduced-glutathione (GSH), E-vitamin...
In two studies, the impact of eight front-of-pack nutrition labelling formats that differed in complexity was investigated across four European countries. In total 1630 men and women (18–55yrs) were recruited from Internet panels in the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands for study 1 and 776 in Italy and the United Kingdom for study 2. Participants evaluated several products (healthier...
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of repeated unreinforced exposure to chocolate cues in persons reporting chocolate craving. Participants in the experimental group (n=40) received 10 consecutive brief exposures to chocolate cues in each of two sessions, separated by 1–3 days. Control participants (n=18) received two exposures at the start and end of each session. Chocolate craving...
The aim of this study was to increase our understanding of how people make sense of healthy eating discourses by exploring the ‘ways of knowing’ about healthy eating among members of three different ethnocultural groups in Canada: African Nova Scotians, Punjabi British Columbians and Canadian-born European Nova Scotians and British Columbians. Data for this paper come from in-depth, individual interviews...
We aimed to assess and compare emotional responses to different foods in relationship to eating disorder and associated features, across gender and age groups. We hypothesized that negative emotional responses to images of foods would be higher in (i) those with higher body dissatisfaction and (ii) older females.Five hundred and thirty-six (18% Grade 5, 39% Grade 8 or 9, and 43% Grade 11 or 12) school,...
Despite the importance of affective processes in eating behaviour, it remains difficult to predict how emotions affect eating. Emphasizing individual differences, previous research did not pay full attention to the twofold variability of emotion-induced changes of eating (variability across both individuals and emotions). By contrast, the present paper takes into account both individual characteristics...
This study seeks to clarify the bite process in individuals who assess cheese hardness to confirm the relationships among hardness definitions, their causative bite procedures, targeted intra-oral mechanical events, and judgment. Subjects were required to bite and evaluate samples using two different definitions of hardness. We measured an intra-oral bite time–force profile using a tactile pressure-measurement...
Prospective studies suggest that dieting increases risk for bulimic symptoms, but experimental trials indicate dieting reduces bulimic symptoms. However, these experiments may be unrepresentative of real-world weight loss dieting. In addition, the fact that most dieters do not develop eating disorders suggests moderating factors may be important. Accordingly, we randomly assigned 157 female intermittent...
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