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l-Phenylalanine (Phe), is a potent releaser of the satiety hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK) and previous studies, conducted primarily in men, show that ingestion of Phe reduces energy intake. The objective of the current study was to test the effects of Phe on energy intake in overweight and obese women. Subjects (n=32) received three treatments (high-dose (10g Phe), low-dose (5g Phe and 5g glucose)...
This pilot study tested the relation between food cravings and food intake in the laboratory. Participants (n=91; mean BMI=35.1kg/m 2 ) completed the Food Craving Inventory to measure cravings for sweets, fats, carbohydrates, and fast food fats, and a taste test consisting of four foods (jelly beans, M&M's ® , regular potato chips, and baked low-fat potato chips). Thereafter, participants...
This paper (i) explores the proposition that body weight is associated with large portion sizes and (ii) introduces a new technique for measuring everyday portion size. In our paradigm, the participant is shown a picture of a food portion and is asked to indicate whether it is larger or smaller than their usual portion. After responding to a range of different portions an estimate of everyday portion...
Humans have expectations about the satiety that is likely to develop after consuming particular foods. These expectations are potentially important, because they may influence decisions about meal size. Despite this, very little is known about the basis on which satiety expectations are formulated. This work introduces a methodology (based on a method of constant stimuli) that quantifies differences...
Research suggests that specific eating patterns (e.g., eating breakfast) may be related to favorable weight status. This investigation examined the relationship between eating patterns (i.e., skipping meals; consuming alcohol) and weight loss treatment outcomes (weight loss, energy intake, energy expenditure, and duration of exercise). Fifty-four overweight or obese adults (BMI≥27kg/m 2 )...
Twelve 11-year-old girls (six lean, six overweight) were given meals in the laboratory and at school for 5 days, with exercise imposed for 2 days and sedentary activities on another 2 days in counterbalanced sequences. During a preliminary visit, the FLEX heart rate method was used to predict individual exercise durations eliciting 1.5MJ energy expenditure. Morning and afternoon cycling exercise was...
Sodium alginate is a seaweed-derived fibre that has previously been shown to moderate appetite in models of acute feeding. The mechanisms underlying this effect may include slowed gastric clearance and attenuated uptake from the small intestine. In order to assess whether alginate could be effective as a means of appetite control in free-living adults, 68 males and females (BMI range: 18.50–32.81kg/m...
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