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This paper presents a pre-feasibility study of producing and using electrolytic hydrogen in Ecuador as part of a strategy towards a low carbon economy. Hydrogen could be produced using hydropower either alone or combined with other renewable energy sources. For this study, we analyzed two scenarios of energy availability based on data from the largest hydroelectric power plant in the country. The...
Various assessment tools are applied to comprehensively investigate a glycerol-to-hydrogen production system. These tools investigate the chemical reactions, design and simulate the entire hydrogen production process, study the energetic and exergetic performances and perform parametric analyses (using intuitive and design of experiment-based methods).Investigating the chemical reaction of steam glycerol...
Decarbonizing transport will be necessary to limit global warming below 2 °C. Due to persistent reliance on fossil fuels, it is posited that transport is more difficult to decarbonize than other sectors. To test this hypothesis, we compare long-term transport energy demand and emission projections for China, USA and the world from five large-scale energy-economy models. We diagnose the model's characteristics...
The world is presently confronted with the twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. Indiscriminate extraction and lavish consumption of fossil fuels have led to reduction in underground based carbon resources. The search for an alternative fuel, which promises a harmonious correlation with sustainable development, energy conservation, management, efficiency, and environmental...
Temperature–entropy diagrams combined with a pinch point analysis are introduced, providing a vivid and detailed tool to analyse two-step thermochemical water-splitting processes. The impacts of different temperature and pressure conditions, as well as different water conversion rates, are studied. Further, requirements regarding the entropy change in the redox material to reach desired process conditions...
This work is aimed at study of maximum available work and irreversibility (mixing, combustion, unburned, and friction) of a dual-fuel diesel engine (H 2 (hydrogen)–diesel) using exergy analysis. The maximum available work increased with H 2 addition due to reduction in irreversibility of combustion because of less entropy generation. The irreversibility of unburned fuel with the H...
The choice of secondary energy carriers, such as electricity, hydrogen and ammonia, influences not only economic and environmental performances but also the reliability of an entire energy system. This article focuses on ammonia because of its excellent property in energy storage, and assesses the relative advantages of several ammonia energy systems for vehicle use in Japan by estimating energy efficiency,...
16s rRNA gene sequence analysis is applied in the semi-continuous fermentation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to monitor changes in the microbial community of HPB (hydrogen-producing bacteria). The microbial community of HPB on the 4th day is mainly composed of one genus (Clostridium) including one primary species (Clostridium butyricum). The microbial community of HPB on the 22nd day is mainly composed...
High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) have received substantial attention due to their high CO (carbon monoxide) tolerance and simplified water management. The hydrogen and CO fractions affect the HT-PEMFC performance and different fuel sources for hydrogen production result in different product gas compositions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the theoretical...
Platinum (Pt) deposited Nafion ® membrane, as cathode, was prepared by impregnation reduction method using nonionic surfactant and their catalytic activity was characterized for hydrogen evolution reaction in a PEMWE (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyser). The average diameter of the Pt catalyst was reduced when the non-ionic surfactant was used. IrO 2 (Iridium Oxide) was...
In this paper, we present the optimal year-round production of synthetic methane from water electrolysis using wind energy, and CO 2 from power plants. The plant consists of a wind farm, a system of electrolyzers which produces oxygen and hydrogen from water, a series of equipment used to purify and store the oxygen; and the purification of hydrogen using a deoxygenation reactor and its reaction...
An exergetic analysis has been performed on a gasification-based bio-hydrogen generation system consisting of an ASU (air separation unit), a gasifier and a water gas shift reactor. The biomass feed in the system is rice straw. The influences of oxygen percentage in the gasifying agent (in the range 85–99%) and gasifier equivalence ratio (in the range 2–4) on the system exergetic efficiency have been...
Considering the case of small-medium size plants based on PV (photovoltaic), an analysis was developed in order to model, simulate and optimize an electricity storage system to be coupled to a small photovoltaic plant applied to an industry load, to calculate its profitability in a given regulatory context. The case study is the current Italian electricity market. The analysis was done on a small...
Bio-hydrogen is a promising sustainable energy to replace fossil fuels. This study investigated bio-H 2 production from the inoculum of heat-pretreated landfill leachate sludge using glucose as model substrate. The seed sludge pretreated at 65 °C showed the highest amount of H 2 at the optimum condition of pH 6 and 37 °C. The maximum H 2 yield estimated by the modified Gompertz...
Power and hydrogen (H2) production by burning and reforming ammonia (NH3) in a micro-TPV (microscale-thermophotovoltaic) device integrated with a micro-reformer is studied experimentally. A heat-recirculating micro-emitter with the cyclone and helical adapters that enhance the residence time of fed fuel-air mixtures and uniform burning burns H2-added NH3-air mixtures. A micro-reformer that converts...
Methanol is a promising alternative fuel for the spark-ignition engines. This paper experimentally investigated the performance of a hydrogen-blended methanol engine at lean and various load conditions. The test was conducted on a four-cylinder commercial spark-ignition engine equipped with an electronically controlled hydrogen port injection system. The test was conducted under a typical city driving...
Energy from renewable source is expected to complement the energy derived from fossil fuel resources. Gasification is a versatile thermochemical process for solid waste fuel conversion. In the current paper, syngas production from palm kernel shell (PKS) and polyethylene waste blend in a catalytic steam gasification process is studied. In order to acquire the optimum condition of syngas production,...
Hydrogen was generated from ammonia borane complex by hydrolysis using cobalt nanocluster catalyst supported on polydopamine functionalized MWCNTs (multi-walled carbon nanotubes). The impregnation-chemical reduction method was used for the preparation of the supported catalyst. The nanocluster catalyst support was formed by in-situ oxidative polymerization of dopamine on the MWCNTs in alkaline solution...
In the present study, effects of hydrogen induction on combustion characteristics of a compression ignition diesel engine were investigated and a comprehensive model for identifying knocking combustion was developed. This was done by defining number of critical local regions within the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) computational domain for a hydrogen assisted compression ignition engine. Regional...
The maximum exploitation of local renewable energy sources is a key feature of DG (Distributed Generation) systems: to this aim, HPSs (Hybrid Power Systems), integrating renewable and non-renewable power sources with local energy storage may represent an effective solution, although they may require an optimum utilization of the different sub-systems, for example if including FCs (Fuel Cells).This...
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