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Slow pyrolysis of eastern giant fennel (Ferula orientalis L.) stalks has been performed in a fixed-bed tubular reactor with (ZnO, Al2O3) and without catalyst at six different temperatures ranging from 350 °C to 600 °C with heating rates of 15, 30, 50 °C/min. The amounts of bio-char, bio-oil and gas produced, as well as the compositions of the resulting bio-oils were determined by FT-IR and GC–MS....
This paper investigates the performance of a RO (reverse osmosis) desalination plant at different seawater salinity values. An energy recovery Pelton turbine is integrated with the desalination plant. Thermodynamic analysis, based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics, as well as a thermo-based economic analysis is performed for the proposed system. The effects of the system components irreversibilities...
Transportation sector of Canada is the second largest energy consuming sector which accounts for 30% of the total energy consumption of the country in 2009. The purpose of this work was to analyze the energy, exergy, and emission performance for four different modes of transport (road, air, rail, and marine) from the year 1990–2035. For historical period, the estimated overall energy efficiency ranges...
This paper has two objectives: 1) to describe the experimental and data collection methods for a large-scale smart grid deployment in Austin, Texas, and 2) to provide results based on those data. As of October 2012, the test bed was comprised of 1) 250 homes concentrated in a single neighborhood all built after 2007, and 2) 160 homes distributed throughout Austin with ages ranging from 10 to 92 years...
This paper describes an approach to optimize the capacity of battery used in a grid-connected photovoltaic system (PV/storage system). Scheduling of the battery after installation has to be considered for the optimal design; because battery degradation cost is mainly a function of system operation. In this paper, peak shaving and load shifting which are important applications of PV/storage systems...
In this investigation, the energy and exergy analyses are carried out for a Lister 8.1 IDI (indirect injection) diesel engine at four different EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) mass fractions (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) and at 50% load operation. The energy analysis is performed during a closed cycle by using a three-dimensional CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code. For the exergy analysis, an in-house...
This paper presents passenger road transport scenarios that may assist the MCMA (Mexico City Metropolitan Area) in achieving lower emissions in both criteria air pollutants (CO, NO x , NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds), and PM 10 ) and GHG (greenhouse gas) (CH 4 , N 2 O and CO 2 ), while also promoting better mobility and quality of life in this...
The advent of distributed renewable energy supply sources and storage systems has placed a greater degree of focus on the operations of the LV (low voltage) electricity distribution network. However, LV networks are characterised by having much higher variability in time series demand meaning that modelling techniques solely relying on iterative forecasts to produce a next day demand profile forecast...
In many countries, DH (district heating) covers a large share of the heat market. In these countries, the best locations for DH systems have already been found. Therefore, the challenge for these countries is to find expansion potentials for existing DH. The expansion to less ideal areas requires more detailed modelling that takes the geographic placement of buildings and the differences among DH...
This work is aimed at study of maximum available work and irreversibility (mixing, combustion, unburned, and friction) of a dual-fuel diesel engine (H 2 (hydrogen)–diesel) using exergy analysis. The maximum available work increased with H 2 addition due to reduction in irreversibility of combustion because of less entropy generation. The irreversibility of unburned fuel with the H...
A novel two-layer nanofluid solar pond is introduced. A mathematical model that describes the thermal performance of the pond has been developed and solved. The upper layer of the pond is made of mineral oil and the lower layer is made of nanofluid. Nanofluid is known to be an excellent solar radiation absorber, and this has been tested and verified using the mathematical model. Using nanofluid will...
Oil and gas processing on offshore platforms operates under changing boundary conditions over a field lifespan, as the hydrocarbon production declines and the water extraction increases. In this paper, the processing plant of the Draugen platform is evaluated by performing an energy and exergy analysis. This facility exploits an end-life oilfield and runs at conditions deviating significantly from...
Both thermoeconomic modeling and multi-objective optimization studies are undertaken for a novel integrated multigeneration system, containing a biomass combustor, an organic Rankine cycle to produce electricity, a double-effect absorption chiller for cooling, a heat exchanger, a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer to produce hydrogen, a domestic water heater to produce hot water and a reverse osmosis...
In this paper, we present the optimal year-round production of synthetic methane from water electrolysis using wind energy, and CO 2 from power plants. The plant consists of a wind farm, a system of electrolyzers which produces oxygen and hydrogen from water, a series of equipment used to purify and store the oxygen; and the purification of hydrogen using a deoxygenation reactor and its reaction...
Thermodynamic energy and exergy analysis of a PEM water electrolyzer driven by geothermal power for hydrogen production is performed. For this purpose, work is produced from a geothermal resource by means of the organic Rankine cycle; the resulting work is used as a work input for an electrolysis process; and electrolysis water is preheated by the waste geothermal water. The first and second-law based...
Greenhouse gas reduction and energy saving are becoming two important issues in both industrialized and developing countries, and policymakers are developing means to reduce total domestic energy use. We evaluate and compare the direct and the indirect energy use both in the People's Republic of China (China) and the United States of America (US) by looking at a series of hybrid energy input–output...
ERRs (Energy return ratios) are valuable metrics for understanding and comparing the contributions of individual energy technologies. It is also important to calculate ERRs in the context of a system, or economy, using a mix of energy technologies. In this paper I demonstrate a framework to simultaneously consider individual energy technology and system-wide ERRs using a process-based input–output...
Coke combustion is the main source of thermal energy for sintering of iron ores particles, and drastically affects the product sinter quality and productivity of the process. In this paper, simulation of coke combustion is performed for case studies comprising various operating parameters and coke sizes to assess the influence the coke combustion characteristics and operating conditions on sinter...
In the increasing amounts of three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors over the years are fed by variable-speed drives in majority of the industries. This paper deals about the current and power characteristics of induction motor while it operating at its base frequency with variable speed drive. Various studies have been conducted in textile industry to prove the above phenomena. When the motor...
The oil and gas processing plants of four North Sea offshore platforms are analysed and compared, based on the exergy analysis method. Sources of exergy destruction and losses are identified and the findings for the different platforms are compared. Different platforms have different working conditions, which implies that some platforms need less heat and power than others. Reservoir properties and...
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