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Slow pyrolysis of eastern giant fennel (Ferula orientalis L.) stalks has been performed in a fixed-bed tubular reactor with (ZnO, Al2O3) and without catalyst at six different temperatures ranging from 350 °C to 600 °C with heating rates of 15, 30, 50 °C/min. The amounts of bio-char, bio-oil and gas produced, as well as the compositions of the resulting bio-oils were determined by FT-IR and GC–MS....
In the present study, the thermal decomposition behavior of three common biowastes in Taiwan (cedar sawdust, coffee bean residue, and rice straw) upon fast pyrolysis was studied. Products were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The composition of the resulting bio-oils was also quantified. TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) results indicate that thermal degradation of the biowaste samples...
The rotatable design was applied for directing pyrolysis experiment of palm bark with the variation of retention time and reaction temperature. Based on the regression equations, the optimal operating conditions were extrapolated at 13.2 min, 459 °C and 15.7 min, 475 °C. The gas product comprised mainly C 1 –C 4 hydrocarbons with the content up to 58.2 wt% while the liquid product...
This study used the fast pyrolysis method to produce bio-oil from coffee bean residue. The oil was mixed with diesel fuel through emulsification to produce emulsified fuel with varying proportions. A single-cylinder diesel engine connected to a 12-kW power generation system was used as the test system to examine the performance indices of a diesel engine under various loads and rotational speeds when...
In this paper, emulsion fuels from crude bio-oil and its molecular distillation fractions were prepared by single ultrasonic and ultrasonic-mechanical emulsification. The results showed that the emulsions from crude bio-oil and 0# diesel had the best stability, with a stability time of 31 days. The stability time of the bio-oil middle fraction emulsion was 216 min, while that of the bio-oil heavy...
Crude bio-oil produced from fast pyrolysis of yellow poplar wood was subjected to HDO (hydrodeoxygenation) for the purpose of reducing water content as well as increasing heating value. HDO was performed in an autoclave reactor at three different reaction factors: temperature (250–370 °C), reaction time (40–120 min), and Pd/C catalyst loading (0–6 wt%) under hydrogen atmosphere. After completion of...
Fast pyrolysis of ACQ (alkaline copper quaternary)-treated wood was carried out in a bench-scale pyrolysis plant equipped with a fluidized bed reactor and char separation system. This study focused on the production of a bio-oil with low copper and chlorine contents, especially by adopting the fractional condensation of bio-oil using water condensers, an impact separator and an electrostatic precipitator...
Bio-oils produced from fast pyrolysis of renewable energy feedstocks are chemically complex organic liquids that contain over 200 different organic compounds. Many of these compounds are oxygenates which result in 40–45% oxygen content in the bio-oils. Due to this high oxygen content bio-oils have numerous negative properties that include low heating value, high acidity, high water content and variable...
Liquid bio-oils were produced from miscanthus (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) by fast pyrolysis at various temperature ranges (350–500 °C) with a short residence time and their physicochemical properties were determined to evaluate the potentials for biofuel utilization. Before operating fast pyrolysis, miscanthus was subjected to ICP-ES (inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer) analysis and...
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