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The EU ETS (European Emissions Trading System) is being enlarged stepwise to cover an increasing amount of overall European CO 2 emissions. However, one of the largest and still growing CO 2 -emitting sector, the transport sector, and particularly road transport, has not yet been included in the EU ETS. Against this background, the question arises whether integrating the road transport...
There is no consensus on the method to set transmission tariffs for natural gas. The entry–exit system is widely used in European markets because it is cost reflective, it allows the network users to separately book capacity for entry and exit points, beyond its pro-competitiveness characteristics. Some authors, however, defend the adoption of the postage stamp (where a single tariff is charged regardless...
The province of Alberta has a high demand of thermal energy for both industrial and residential applications. Currently, the vast majority of the heat used in these applications is obtained by burning natural gas. Geothermal energy production from deep aquifer systems in the sedimentary basin could provide an alternative sustainable source of heat that would significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions...
In this study, a mathematical model of an ice thermal energy storage (ITES) system for gas turbine cycle inlet air cooling is developed and thermal, economic, and environmental (emissions cost) analyses have been applied to the model. While taking into account conflicting thermodynamic and economic objective functions, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal design parameters...
In recent years we have witnessed several reforms in network industries, as privatization, regulatory changes and opening to competition in certain segments of the value chain. In sectors such as electricity and gas, this opening to competition is possible only in certain activities (i.e. generation, storage of natural gas and supply), maintaining as a natural monopoly the activities of distribution...
The European Union (EU) energy policy has three targets: supply security, development of a competitive energy sector and environmental sustainability. The EU countries have issued so-called National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAP) for increased renewable energy generation. Biomass is stipulated to account for 56% of renewable energy generation by 2020, corresponding to an increase in bioenergy...
In this paper, we propose a new design of flow channel and stack arrangement based on the numerical study considering the effect of the flow channel design on the stack performance and analyze the thermal stress of a planar anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack. We also attempt to simplify the cell stack design without affecting its performance and propose an easier sealing method of cell stacks...
Novel MnO x @Carbon hybrid nanowires were successfully synthesized by the combination of a hydrothermal process and a simple PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) – solution-soaking method followed by a subsequent carbonization treatment. The nanostructures exhibit the unique feature of having nanocrystalline manganese oxide particle encapsulated inside and an amorphous carbon layer coating the outside...
An evaluation of the performance of an innovative solar system integrated in a combined cycle plant is presented, in which the heat transfer fluid flowing in linear parabolic collectors is the same oxidant air that is introduced into the combustion chamber of the plant. This peculiarity allows a great simplification of the plant. There is a 22% saving of fossil fuel results in design conditions and...
The European Union proposed the introduction of taxes on emitted CO 2 as an effective policy measure for the reduction of CO 2 emissions in its electricity sector. Applying the TIMES (The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System) modeling tool, this paper examines the cost effectiveness of different evolutions of CO 2 taxes under the Emissions Trading System in Europe by 2050 in order...
The variable electricity output of the RES (renewable energy sources) power plants, such as wind and hydropower, is an important challenge for the electricity system managers. This paper addresses the problem of an electricity system supported mainly on hydro, thermal, and wind power plants. A binary mixed integer non-linear optimization model with hourly time step is described. The model is applied...
We evaluate the possibility to reduce congestion in the transmission grid through large-scale implementation of demand-side management (DSM) in the form of load shifting for the EU-27 countries, Norway, and Switzerland for Year 2020. A linear, cost-minimising, dispatch model that includes a DC load-flow description of the transmission system and a general representation of load shifting is used. It...
Flexibility is the ability of a power system to respond to changes in power demand and generation. Integrating large shares of variable renewable energy sources, in particular wind and solar, can lead to a strong increase of flexibility requirements for the complementary system, traditionally hydrothermal, which has to balance the fluctuations of variable generation. We quantify these flexibility...
Raw biogas is a valuable renewable energy but usually requires upgrading. The mixed LED (light-emitting diode) light wavelengths achieved much better microalgae growth than that of the monochromatic. The best LED light wavelength mix ratio for both biogas upgrading and biogas slurry nutrient removal was the red:blue ratio of 5:5. Lower influent CH 4 (methane) concentration achieved higher...
Fat trap grease is a cheap source for biodiesel production, but until now its transformation into biofuel is not well studied. The effects of the use of biodiesel from degraded raw material on combustion in engines are not discussed by researchers. In this paper, engine tests were performed on biodiesel produced from AFR (animal fat residues) collected from fat traps. This fuel presents differences...
In the last few decades, electricity markets have undergone extensive reforms. A process of liberalizing electricity markets has been implemented by several countries, reducing the incumbents' market power. Thus, generation and retail are open to competition, while transmission and distribution remain regulated. Furthermore, the need to comply with the targets set by the Kyoto Protocol has boosted...
A new concept in wind power harnessing is described which significantly outperforms traditional wind turbines of the same diameter and aerodynamic characteristics under the same wind conditions and it delivers significantly higher output, at reduced cost. Its first innovative feature is the elimination of tower-mounted turbines. These large, mechanically complex turbines, and the enormous towers used...
Diffuse solar radiation data are very required for many solar energy applications. The main objective of the present study is to establish new empirical models for predicting the monthly mean diffuse solar radiation on a horizontal surface for city of Isfahan situated in central part of Iran. For this aim, 16 empirical models from previous studies were nominated and categorized as: (1) diffuse fraction...
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