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In this work, we model a countercurrent tubular reactor where an automotive shredder residue (ASR) is subject to pyrolysis. An inert gas is adopted to convey the pyrolysis products; the solid entering the reactor undergoes an endothermic chemical process which is very sensitive with respect to the temperature. Pressure effects and friction loss of the gas phase are taken into account to better match...
In order to increase the efficiency of waste utilization in thermal conversion processes, pre-treatment is advantageous. With the Herhof Stabilat ® process, residual domestic waste is upgraded to waste-derived fuel by means of biological drying and mechanical separation of inerts and metals. The dried and homogenized waste-derived Stabilat ® fuel has a relatively high calorific value...
The pre-treatment step has a significant influence on the performance of bioenergy chains, especially on logistics. Torrefaction, pelletisation and pyrolysis technologies can convert biomass at modest scales into dense energy carriers that ease transportation and handling.Torrefaction is a very promising technology due to its high process efficiency (94%) compared to pelletisation (84%) and pyrolysis...
From the viewpoint of waste-to-energy, waste cooking oil is one of the attractive and available recycled feedstocks, apart from agricultural residues. The generation of energy from waste cooking oil is considered as an effective technique for waste management, as well as a beneficial form of energy recovery. Two alternative systems and a conventional system of waste cooking oil collection and conversion...
Energy generation by wastes is considered one method of waste management that has the benefit of energy recovery. From the waste-to-energy point of view, waste cooking oil, waste lubricating oil, and waste plastics have been considered good candidates for feedstocks for energy conversion due to their high heating values. Compared to the independent management of these three wastes, the idea of co-processing...
In recent years, biomass gasification has emerged as a viable option for decentralized power generation, especially in developing countries. Another potential use of producer gas from biomass gasification is in terms of feedstock for Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis – a process for manufacture of synthetic gasoline and diesel. This paper reports optimization of biomass gasification process for these...
Soybean oil was pyrolyzed with various catalysts in a fixed-bed reactor under nitrogen flow at 420 and 450°C. The H-ZSM5 catalysts (molar ratio SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 =28, 40, and 180) and 2wt% (Ga, Al or Cu) impregnated MCM41 catalysts were used in order to investigate the effect of catalysts during the pyrolysis process. The gas products in all experiments were mainly methane, ethane...
Torrefaction processes of four kinds of biomass materials, including bamboo, willow, coconut shell and wood (Ficus benjamina L.), were investigated using the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Particular emphasis is placed on the impact of torrefaction on hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contained in the biomass. Two different torrefaction processes, consisting of a light torrefaction process at...
Used automotive engine oil was treated using a microwave-induced pyrolysis process, with the intention of assessing the suitability of the process in recovering valuable products from this otherwise difficult to dispose of waste. The resulting pyrolysis gases were condensed into liquid oil; the yield and composition of the recovered oil and remaining incondensable gases were determined, and these...
Copyrolysis of sewage sludge–coal blends at different ratios (0:100, 10:90, 50:50 and 100:0) was investigated using a simultaneous thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry analyser. During copyrolysis three thermal decomposition stages were identified between 180 and 800°C. From 180°C to 385°C, the process is dominated by the sludge pyrolysis. From 385°C to 560°C, the coal is pyrolysed with a lower fraction...
This study utilized microwave irradiation to induce torrefaction (mild pyrolysis) of rice husk and sugarcane residues by varying different parameters, including microwave power level, processing time, water content, and particle size of biomass. Proper microwave power levels are suggested to be set between 250 and 300W for the torrefaction of these two agricultural residues. With proper processing...
The fuel characteristics, the combustion profile, and the kinetic study of char that had been pyrolyzed at 300−500 °C were investigated for RH (rice husks), WC (wood chips), and WP (wood pellets). When a higher pyrolysis temperature was used, the calorific value became proportional to the fuel ratio and inversely proportional to that of the volatile matter. The pyrolysis temperature increased, the...
Thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis was conducted to compare the fundamental pyrolytic behaviors between the lignocellulose fermentation residue (LFR) and three other biomass raw materials. It was found that the TG weight loss curve of LFR appeared very close to the curve of acidified alkaline lignin (AAL), but different to the material of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS, also a fermentation...
A study of the pyrolysis of methane mixtures in a laboratory reactor, exploring the influence of the bath gas used (N 2 and CO 2 ) and the presence of small amounts of ethane to simulate natural gas, has been carried out at atmospheric pressure and the 1250–1500 K temperature range. Exhaust gaseous species analysis was realized using a gas chromatographic system and total soot was...
The pyrolysis of acetylene-methanol, acetylene-ethanol, acetylene-isopropanol and acetylene-n-butanol mixtures has been studied in a flow reactor in the 975–1475 K temperature range. The purpose of this work is to analyze the effect of each alcohol on soot and gas products coming from the pyrolysis of the mixtures compared to the results observed in the pyrolysis of pure acetylene, taken as a reference...
Pyrolysis of tert-butanol (2.77% tert-butanol in argon) in a laminar plug flow reactor was studied at low pressure and a temperature range of 950–1850 K. More than 20 pyrolysis species were identified by using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS); and their mole fraction profiles versus the pyrolysis temperature were evaluated. A kinetic model including 101...
The thermal decomposition of methyl decanoate (MD) was studied in a bench-scale pyrolysis set-up equipped with a dedicated on-line analysis section including a GC×GC-FID/(TOF-MS). This analysis section enables quantitative and qualitative on-line analyses of the entire reactor effluent with high level of detail including measurement of formaldehyde and water. The reactor temperature was varied from...
Date palm residues are an attractive source of biomass energy since they are renewable, abundantly available and do not compete with food crops. Pyrolysis and combustion may be efficient methods of exploiting energy from these biomass resources. The purpose of this research was to investigate the thermal behavior of date palm biomass in order to evaluate their usefulness for energy production. In...
With the objective to measure coal conversion at realistic operation conditions the Pressurised High Temperature Entrained Flow Reactor (PiTER) is developed. The pyrolysis of Rhenish lignite is studied at temperatures up to 1600 °C and pressures up to 2.5 MPa. At longer residence time (above 1.5 s) volatile yield is 68 wt% and independent of temperature and pressure.Char samples are extracted from...
This paper explores the use of molten alkali-carbonate salts as a reaction and heat transfer medium for steam gasification of plant biomass with the objectives of enhanced heat transfer, faster kinetics, and increased thermal capacitance compared to gasification in an inert gas. The intended application is a solar process in which concentrated solar radiation is the sole source of heat to drive the...
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