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In this study, a mathematical model was developed for multiple-effect evaporators. These evaporators have cocurrent, countercurrent and parallel flow operation options. Each operation was investigated with and without pre-heaters. The effect of pre-heating on evaporation process was investigated from the point of energy economy. A sugar factory's data was used with the applied models as a case study...
Energy demand of India is continuously increasing. Coal is the major fossil fuel in India and continues to play a pivotal role in the energy sector. India has relatively large reserves of coal (253 billion tonnes) compared to crude oil (728 million tonnes) and natural gas (686 billion cubic meters). Coal meets about 60% of the commercial energy needs and about 70% of the electricity produced in India...
Many computational fluid dynamics polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cell models have been presented over the last few decades. A detailed literature overview of models, ranging from one-dimensional, single-component to complete three-dimensional, large-scale setups, is presented with an emphasis on heat and mass transfer. Modeling strategies and commonly used assumptions are discussed. Solver implementations,...
An integrated system for hydrogen production via autothermal steam reforming of methanol and consequent power generation in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell has been developed and operated at C.P.E.R.I. The pilot plant comprises an autothermal reforming reactor to produce hydrogen, a preferential oxidation reactor (PROX) to reduce CO concentration below 50ppm and a PEM fuel cell for...
In this paper, a new approach is proposed for simplifying the calculation of flue gas specific heat and specific exergy value in one formulation depending on fuel chemical composition. Combustion products contain different gases such as CO 2 , SO 2 , N 2 , O 2 , H 2 O and etc., depending on the burning process. Specific heat and exergy of the flue gas differ...
Over two-thirds energy of fuel consumed by an automobile is discharged to the surroundings as waste heat. The fuel usage can be more efficient if thermoelectric generators (TEG) are used to convert heat energy into electricity. In this study, a thermoelectric module composed of thermoelectric generators and a cooling system is developed to improve the efficiency of an IC engine. Two potential positions...
The performance of a hybrid cooling system that combines a screw water chiller with a ground source heat pump (GSHP) was measured and analyzed at various cooling loads. In addition, the hybrid cooling system in a building was modelled sophisticatedly using EnergyPlus and then validated with the measured data. The coefficient of performance of the GSHP was lower than that of a conventional chiller...
Research on new working fluid for uses in absorption systems has been continued. The feasibility of a solar driven DAR using the mixture R124/DMAC as working fluid is investigated by numerical simulation. The cycle is simulated for two cooling medium temperatures, 27°C and 35°C, and four driving heat temperatures in the range [90°C–180°C]. The performance characteristics of this system is analyzed...
A direct expansion (DX) air dehumidification system is an efficient way to supply fresh and dry air to a built environment. It plays a key role in preventing the spread of respiratory disease like Swine flu (H1N1). To improve the efficiency of a conventional DX system in hot and humid regions, a new system of DX in combination with a membrane-based total heat exchanger is proposed. Air is supplied...
Integration/co-firing with existing fossil fuel plants could give near term highly efficient and low cost power production from biomass. This paper presents a techno-economical analysis on options for integrating biomass thermal conversion (optimized for local resources ∼50 MW th ) with existing CCGT (combined cycle gas turbine) power plants (800–1400 MW th ). Options include hybrid...
The present paper aims at modeling and simulating a WTIG (wind turbine and an induction generator) system as an electricity source in the southern parts of Algeria. System simulation has been done using a program developed employing the MATLAB-SIMULINK software package. The power delivered by the WTIG system and the related C p quality have been sampled at 1 h time intervals and then statistically...
We provide the description, mathematical formulation and illustrative results of the World Gas Model, a multi-period complementarity model for the global natural gas market with explicit consideration of market power in the upstream market. Market players include producers, traders, pipeline and storage operators, LNG (liquefied natural gas) liquefiers and regasifiers as well as marketers. The model...
In this paper, a mathematical model for steady-state simulation of transcritical CO 2 water-to-water heat pump system with an expander has been developed. It is used to simulate the performance of transcritical CO 2 system with CO 2 expander prototype. Simulated results are compared with experimental data to verify the accuracy of the simulation model. The comparison results...
Numerous coal gasification studies have been found in the literature those employed various kinds of gasifying agents such as steam and carbon dioxide. These studies are featured with wide variations in the parametric conditions and the usage of equipments. Steam is frequently employed as a gasifying agent, however, in several studies carbon dioxide has also been used as a gasifying agent either pure...
PSO (particle swarm optimization) technique is applied to estimate monthly average daily GSR (global solar radiation) on horizontal surface for different regions of Iran. To achieve this, five new models were developed as well as six models were chosen from the literature. First, for each city, the empirical coefficients for all models were separately determined using PSO technique. The results indicate...
CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion have been known to contribute to the greenhouse effect. Research on emission trends and further forecasting their further values is important for adjusting energy policies, particularly those relative to low carbon. Except for a few countries, the main figures of CO 2 emission from fossil fuel combustion in other countries are S-shaped curves...
The direct-injection stratified charge (DISC) engine is a hybrid between spark ignition (SI) and compression-ignition engines, it combines many of the best features of both with some unique advantages of its own. This includes multi-fuel capability, high thermal efficiency, low NOx production, and low particulate emissions.This work shows how simple semi-global models can predict the performance of...
The objective of this study was to determine the energy consumption per 1000bird for the broiler production in Yazd province, Iran. The data were collected from 44 farms by using a face-to-face questionnaire method during January–February 2010. The collected information was analyzed using descriptive statistics, economic analysis and stochastic frontier production function. The production technology...
In this study, the non-homogeneous Gompertz diffusion process (NHGDP) is used to model the monthly peak electricity demand in Mauritius in order to predict the future values on the basis of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach. Our model is developed based a key economic indicator which is the gross domestic product (GDP) and the weather factors such as temperature, hours of sunshine and humidity. Genetic...
Thermoelectric generators (TEG) convert heat energy to electrical power by means of semiconductor charge carriers serving as working fluid. In this work, a TEG is applied to a parallel microchannel heat sink. The effect of the inlet plenum arrangement on the laminar flow distribution in the channels is considered at a wide range of the pressure drop along the heat sink. The particular focus of this...
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