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The goal of this study is to evaluate co-firing of gasified CO 2 neutral biofuel in a retrofitted natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) combined heat and power (CHP) unit designed for natural gas operation. This type of situation may be particularly relevant if future CO 2 abatement policies require that owners of natural gas fired CHP units reduce CO 2 emissions. The study investigates...
The availability of wet biomass as waste from a lot of industrial processes, from agriculture and farms and the need to meet the environmental standards force to investigate all options in order to dispose this waste. The possible treatments usually strongly depend on biomass characteristics, namely water content, density, organic content, heating value, etc. In particular, some of these wastes can...
The effective and rational energy generation and supply is one of the main presumptions of sustainable development. Combined heat and power production, or co-generation, has clear environmental advantages by increasing energy efficiency and decreasing carbon emissions. However, higher investment cost and more complicated design and maintenance sometimes-present disadvantages from the economical viability...
The current state of cogeneration in Russia is analyzed. It is characterized by a sharp decrease in industrial heat consumption and a reduction in the demand for electricity. As a result many cogeneration plants presently operate under off-design conditions, which change their economic indexes to the worse. The ways of introducing small-scale cogeneration installations are considered, which show promise...
Cogeneration plants for simultaneous production of water and electricity are widely used in the Arabian Gulf region. They have proven to be more thermodynamically efficient and economically feasible than single purpose power generation and water production plants. Yet, there is no standard or universally applied methodology for determining unit cost of electric power generation and desalinated water...
In the Croatian economy, the wood-processing industry is among the country's strategic export branches. The energy costs have a partial impact on the final price of wood products. The goal of this work paper is to minimize energy costs in this sector, using a mathematical formula that computes the lowest heat capacity as the cogeneration system starts to be more payable than a non-cogeneration system...
The potential to liberate steam production capacity for power generation has been assessed using actual energy consumption data and the recorded seasonal consumption fluctuations for a kraft pulp mill. The revenues from power production are compared with possible energy savings, achieved through enhancement of the process efficiency using an absorption heat pump (AHP). Bunker oil, wood bark and black...
The paper deals with an innovative (120kWe, 195kWt) natural gas (NG) combined heat and power (CHP) system, at present under development, which has been set up at the FIAT Centre of Research (CRF), Turin, Italy. The main characteristics of the CHP system are: the use of an automotive derived internal combustion engine, a high part load electrical efficiency due to a variable speed operation strategy...
Brazil has launched the PROINFA program, a regulatory mechanism to incentivize renewable electricity generation. In the light of this new framework, the best economical option for cogeneration was analyzed using one of the biomass resources available in Brazil-Babassu. Thus not only the possible power production but also the potential of such a regulatory tool to enhance the electricity production...
A procedure for optimizing energy-management of a hospital complex is described, which, starting from hourly load diagrams, derived from the optimal design, allows the determination of the design and the running conditions of a trigeneration plant. The results obtained from the implementation of a mixed integer programming model, described here in detail, demonstrate how a trigeneration plant configuration...
Energy service business, or energy service company (ESCO), is expanding among industrial users as a means of energy saving. The ESCO business normally tends to become a long-term operation. During the operation, fluctuations of fuel and electricity costs significantly impact on the stability of the profit from ESCO business. Therefore, it is essential to reduce the risk of fuel and electricity cost...
Legislative regulations in favor of combined heat and power (CHP) production have been implemented in many countries. Although these regulations put different emphasis on power production vs. process heat production, they are based on energy quantities and not on exergy. In order to analyze and compare the exergetic consequences of the various legislations, a relative avoided irreversibility (RAI)...
This paper provides a set of specific examples to show the effectiveness of the trigeneration CO 2 emission reduction (TCO 2 ER) indicator proposed in the companion paper (Part I: Models and indicators) to assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction from cogeneration and trigeneration systems. Specific break-even analyses are developed by introducing further indicators, with...
The diffusion of cogeneration and trigeneration plants as local generation sources could bring significant energy saving and emission reduction of various types of pollutants with respect to the separate production of electricity, heat and cooling power. The advantages in terms of primary energy saving are well established. However, the potential of combined heat and power (CHP) and combined cooling...
This paper deals with an innovative natural gas (NG) combined cycle cogeneration system (150-kW e , 192kW t ). The system is made up of a combination of two interconnected combined heat and power (CHP) systems: a reciprocating internal combustion engine cogenerator (ICE CHP) as the topping cycle and a Rankine cycle cogenerator (RC CHP) which operates as the bottoming cycle on the exhaust...
A preliminary feasibility study of the implementation of various absorption heat pump configurations in a Kraft pulping process has been performed. Three different cases were considered: (i) integration of a double lift heat transformer into the heat recovery circuit of the wood chips digesters to produce low pressure steam equivalent to 25% of the steam demand of the chemical pulping plant, (ii)...
Combined production of electricity, heat and cooling power in trigeneration represents a key option for the development of high-efficiency and cost-effective integrated energy systems. The complexity of the possible plant schemes calls for the adoption of general models handling multiple interconnected components and energy flows of various typologies. This paper presents a comprehensive input–output...
Using the results of a comprehensive data analysis of final energy consumption in industry and commercial buildings, the assessment has been made of the potential for gradual implementation of cogeneration plants in these facilities. In doing so, plans for the expansion of the natural gas pipeline distribution network in Thailand are taken into consideration. The sample comprises of 2540 factories...
Sugarcane is one of the most important industries of the Brazilian economy, and its main products are sugar and ethanol. Most of the industrial plants produce both products in an integrated process, in which the sugarcane bagasse is a by-product that can be used as a fuel in the cogeneration system. The bagasse is used as the only fuel of the plant, supplying all energy required for the process, and...
In this paper, a small-scale Rankine Cycle (RC) operating as a combined heat and power (CHP) unit and fed by wood waste is studied and the preliminary design and theoretical analysis of the main RC components are presented. A reciprocating single-stage expansion steam engine (SE) was chosen as the expander device: its main characteristics and operative performance are discussed in detail. Finally,...
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