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Telomerase biology is complicated by studies that show that telomere expression and telomere biology differs between species, and that existing animal models do not closely resemble the human situation. We have previously reported a description of telomere/telomerase biology in the dog and have suggested this as an alternative model system. To further elucidate telomerase biology in this species we...
The evolutionary conserved CCR4-NOT multi subunit complex is involved in different aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA synthesis initiation and mRNA deadenylation (shortening of the poly(A) tail) in yeast and higher eukaryotes. Here we report the characterization of the gene encoding the Caf1 subunit of this complex in Caenorhabditis elegans, ccf-1, and the phenotypes associated with its inactivation...
Many organisms respond to toxic compounds in their environment by inducing regulatory networks controlling the expression and activity of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450s) detoxificative enzymes. In particular, black swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes) caterpillars respond to xanthotoxin, a toxic phytochemical in their hostplants, by activating transcription of the CYP6B1 promoter via several regions...
Dinoflagellate plastid genomes are unique in having a reduced number of genes, most of which are found on unigenic minicircles of 2–3 kb. Although the dinoflagellate Adenoides eludens has larger minicircles of about 5 kb, they still carry only one gene. In addition, digenic circles of about 10 kb were detected and mapped by PCR. The non-coding regions of both unigenic and digenic circles share a number...
Transferrin genes from several insects have been shown to be induced in response to bacterial or fungal infection. We were interested to know whether transferrin genes in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, are similarly induced by microbial challenge. Hence, the cDNA and structure of a gene exhibiting significant homology to insect transferrins were elucidated for S. invicta. The cDNA...
The gene Hf1 plays a key role in the expression of floral color in petunias. Hf1 encodes a flavonoid-3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H). The recessive allele (hf1) in an inbred line of petunia is known to be generated by the insertion of a transposable element (Psl). We isolated a novel Mutator-like transposable element (named dTph9) from the hf1 allele of a commercial petunia with red flowers. Another novel...
Experimental cDNA sequence determinations lag behind in silico gene structure predictions in some recently sequenced genomes. This may be due in part to low transcript abundance and/or the severely spatio-temporarily restricted expression pattern of some genes. Here we characterize the predicted repressed gene of Arabidopsis thaliana (At4g21130) that encodes a homologue of the Arabidopsis U3-55K-like...
CpG island is a GC-rich motif occurred in gene promoter region, which can play important roles in gene silencing and imprinting. Here, we present a set of discriminant functions that can recognize the structural and compositional features of CpG islands in the putative promoter regions (PPRs) of human and mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) genes. We showed that the PPRs of both human and mouse Ig genes irrespective...
Like barley and other cereals, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accumulates branched graminan-type fructans containing both β-(2,1) and β-(2,6) fructosyl linkages, mainly with a quite low degree of polymerization (DP). 1&6-kestotetraose (bifurcose) is the major fructan oligosaccharide accumulating in crown tissues and leaves of cereals exposed to chilling. The fructan exohydrolase (FEH) cDNAs 1-FEH...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major pathogen associated with morbidity and mortality of patients with cystic fibrosis. One of the reasons for the failure of β-lactam antibiotic regimens appears to be mediated by de-regulation of the ampC gene, encoding the chromosomal Ambler's Class C β-lactamase. Currently, the AmpC is the only known chromosomal β-lactamase whose expression is regulated by a transcriptional...
One of the most important processes to the survival of a species is its ability to reproduce. In plants, SEPALLATA-class MADS-box genes have been found to control the development of the inner whorls of flowers. However, while much is known about floral development in herbaceous plants, similar systems in woody trees remain poorly understood. Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen) is a widespread North...
We present evidence that the HIV-1 Rev protein can heterologously regulate expression of the simple beta retrovirus mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV). Up to 10-fold upregulation was seen in a functional assay system when specific MMTV sequences were substituted for the HIV-1 Rev responsive element (RRE). RNA gel shift analysis showed that purified recombinant Rev could specifically bind to MMTV unique...
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) transduces signals from members of the TNFR superfamily and the Toll/IL-1R family, leading to activation of transcription factors such as NFκB and AP-1. Genetic disruption of the TRAF6 gene in mice results in various developmental abnormalities during embryogenesis, including osteopetrosis, failure of neural tube closure, defective...
The challenge of microarray analysis is to unveil the biological mechanisms behind the chip data. Due to the sometimes counteracting influences of de novo transcription, RNA processing and degradation, the discovery of any particular mechanism is difficult. Therefore, a combination of data- and knowledge-driven analysis appears to be the best way to attack the problem. We analyzed human astrocytes...
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