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Ogre elements are a group of LTR retrotransposons recently discovered in legume plants, where they constitute almost 40% of the genome in some species. They are exceptional in their size (reaching 25 kb) and possess several specific features, including an intron within a polyprotein-coding region, and an extra open reading frame (ORF1) encoding a protein of unknown function located upstream of the...
Transposable elements are known to be “selfish DNA” sequences able to spread and be maintained in all genomes analyzed so far. Their evolution depends on the interaction they have with the other components of the genome, including genes and other transposable elements. These relationships are complex and have often been compared to those of species living and competing in an ecosystem. The aim of...
Alu elements constitute 10% of the human genome. Alu mobilization is important in the evolution of the human genome. While retrotransposition is the primary pathway of Alu mobilization, Alu gene conversion has been postulated as a secondary pathway for Alu mobilization in human genome. However, the mode and tempo of Alu gene conversions remain a mystery due to lack of sensitive statistical methods...
DcMaster is a family of PIF/Harbinger-like class II transposable elements identified in carrot. We present a modified Transposon Display molecular marker system allowing amplification of genomic regions containing DcMaster elements. We scored 77 DcMaster Transposon Display (DcMTD) amplicons, of which 54 (70%) were segregating in the F 2 progeny from the cross between wild and cultivated carrot...
Despite a wide distribution of transposable elements (TEs) in the genomes of higher eukaryotes, much of their evolutionary significance remains unclear. Recent studies have indicated that TEs are involved with biological processes such as gene regulation and the generation of new exons in mammals. In addition, the completion of the genome sequencings in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa has permitted...
The Mutator system of maize has been described as the most active and mutagenic plant transposon. The autonomous element MuDR contains two genes: mudrA encoding the transposase and mudrB whose product function remains undetermined. MudrA-like coding domain showed to be the most abundantly expressed transposon-related sequence in sugarcane transcriptome. A previous report identified the existence of...
Transposable elements (TEs) are genomic sequences able to replicate themselves, and to move from one chromosomal position to another within the genome. Many TEs contain their own regulatory regions, which means that they may influence the expression of neighboring genes. TEs may also be activated and transcribed in various cancers. We therefore tested whether gene expression in normal and tumor tissues...
Helitrons are a class of prolific transposable elements in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Although 37 families were identified after the recent discovery of Helitrons, no systematic classification is available because of the high variability of helitronic sequences. Since transposition proteins are assumed to interact with Helitron termini, a Helitron model was formalized based on terminus characterization...
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