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We identified and partially characterized another member of the uncoupling protein termed UCP3. Human and mouse UCP3 protein sequences are 86% identical to each other, and 73% and 59% identical to UCP2 and UCP1, respectively. Expression of human UCP3 in yeast resulted in a drastic decrease of mitochondria membrane potential. Northern analysis showed that UCP3 was highly expressed in skeletal muscle...
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of the PPAR subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. In rodents and humans, expression of PPARγ is predominantly found in adipose tissue where it regulates adipocyte differentiation and the expression of multiple adipocyte genes. The primary aim of this work was to clone the porcine PPARγ cDNA and examine the regulation of gene expression...
PTP-1B is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) that has been implicated in the negative regulation of insulin signaling. Mice deficient in PTP-1B were found to have an enhanced insulin sensitivity and a resistance to diet-induced obesity. Interestingly, the human PTP-1B gene maps to chromosome 20 q13.1 in a region that has been associated with diabetes and obesity...
We report here the cloning and characterization of a novel gene belonging to the tubby superfamily proteins (TUSP) in mouse and human. The mouse Tusp cDNA is 9120 bp in length and encodes a deduced protein of 1547 amino acids, while the human TUSP gene is 11,127 bp and encodes a deduced protein of 1544 amino acids. The human and mouse genes are 87% identical for their nucleotide sequences and 85%...
The murine agouti related protein (mAGRP) is upregulated in obese and diabetic mice and stimulates hyperphagia when administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) or when overexpressed in transgenic mice. The human ortholog, hAGRP, has been isolated and has similar molecular and physiological properties. Here, we report the complete gene structure of the human AGRP gene and upstream regions with...
The resistin gene is a potential candidate for the etiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and has been implicated as the molecular link between type 2 diabetes and obesity. Unlike the mouse resistin, expression of the human resistin appears to be regulated differently. We report comparative analyses of the mouse and human genomic fragments encoding the resistin gene. At the amino acid...
A novel gene named NYGGF4, which was expressed at a higher level in obese subjects, was isolated and characterized. It is a 1527-bp cDNA, containing 753 nucleotides of an ORF (open reading frame) predicting 250 amino acids with a molecular mass of 28.27 kDa. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed NYGGF4 has a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain. Northern blot analysis revealed NYGGF4 is expressed...
Despite the magnitude of the obesity epidemic, the mechanisms that contribute to increases in fat mass and to differences in fat depots are still poorly understood. Prostanoids have been proposed as potent adipogenic hormones, e.g. metabolites of prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) bind and activate PPARγ. We hypothesize that an altered expression of enzymes in PGJ2 synthesis may represent a novel pathogenic...
We have previously shown that male Npc1 heterozygous mice (Npc1 +/− ), as compared to homozygous wild-type mice (Npc1 +/+ ), both maintained on the “lean” BALB/cJ genetic background, become obese on a high fat but not on a low fat diet. We have now extended this result for female heterozygous mice. When fed high-fat diet, the Npc1 +/− white adipose weight is also increased...
Myostatin (MSTN) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily of signal transduction proteins, which plays an important role in muscular growth and lipid metabolism.To study the association of myostatin gene polymorphisms with obesity in Chinese north Han human subjects.297 healthy and 606 over-weight/obesity Chinese north Han subjects were selected as healthy control group and overweight/obesity group, respectively...
The aim of this study was to investigate associations of two candidate gene SNPs of the endocannabinoid receptor type 1 gene (CNR1) with overweight, obesity and obesity-related traits in Chinese retired women. The study subjects were a subsample of the Taizhou Retiree Women Cohort, consisting of 2812 retired women aged 50–64years recruited from Taizhou, Jiangsu, China. Neither rs2023239 nor rs806381...
ChIP-chip and expression analyses indicated that CUX1 transcription factors regulate a large number of genes and microRNAs involved in multiple cellular processes. Indeed, in proliferating cells CUX1 was shown to regulate several genes involved in DNA replication, progression into S phase and later, the spindle assembly checkpoint that controls progression through mitosis. siRNA-mediated knockdown...
Saturated fatty acids, acting as ligands for toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), induce inflammation and mediate the development of insulin resistance. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an adaptor protein for TLR4. Previously, we found MyD88-deificient mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibited a severe diabetic phenotype. Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis...
Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) has been identified recently as a novel adipokine due to its close link with lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as regulation of body weight. The aim of our present study is to investigate the ZAG genetic polymorphism association with obesity in Chinese north Han population.Five SNPs of ZAG gene including rs2247607 (A>T), rs4727442 (G>T), rs4215 (A>G), rs2527923...
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a pivotal role in lipid metabolism, contributes to metabolic disorders related to insulin action and body weight regulation, and is influenced by inflammation. The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ2 gene seems to influence LPL functioning, but its role in obesity and insulin resistance status, which usually coexist in the...
Nescient helix-loop-helix-2 (NHLH2) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, which has been implicated, using mouse knockouts, in adult body weight regulation and fertility. A scan of the known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NHLH2 gene revealed one in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR), which lies within an AUUUA RNA stability motif. A second SNP is nonsynonymous within the...
The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically during the last thirty years in western countries with severe complications for health and economy. Obesity is the outcome of the strong interplay between genetic and environmental factors and is therefore widely expected that the discovery of the many genetic factors underlying the heritable risk of obesity will contribute critically to our basic...
−866G/A polymorphism in the promoter of UCP2 gene has been reported to be associated with obesity, but the results remain inconclusive. To assess the relation of UCP2 −866G/A polymorphism and obesity susceptibility, a meta-analysis was performed. PubMed, ISI, Wanfang database, VIP and CBM were searched to identify relevant studies up to July 31, 2012. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%...
Obesity associated insulin resistance is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Resistin is recently reported to provide a link between obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We aimed to investigate the possible associations of resistin gene (RETN) polymorphisms with obesity, and to detect whether these polymorphisms are associated with glucose intolerance and type 2...
Individuals who are carriers of deletions of various sizes that cause haploinsufficiency in the contiguous WT1 and PAX6 genes, located on chromosome 11p13 approximately 4Mb centromeric to the BDNF gene, are susceptible to Wilms tumor, aniridia, mental retardation, genitourinary anomalies and obesity (WAGRO syndrome). The molecular characterization of the wide deletion 11p15.1p12 arr (18676926–36576388)...
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