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A previous study [Venturi et al., Mol. Microbiol. 10 (1993) 63-73] demonstrated that the siderophore regulatory gene pfrA of Pseudomonas putida (Pp) WCS358 is highly similar and interchangeable with the alginate regulatory genealgQ (algR2) of P. aeruginosa (Pa). The algQ gene is physically linked to two other alginate regulators in the Pa chromosome, namely algR (algR1), a response regulator, and...
The human antithrombin III-encoding gene (hAT-III) promoter (phAT-III) was used to generate transgenic mice producing a human hepatic apolipoprotein, apolipoprotein A-II (hApoA-II). Integration of the transgene into the mouse genome resulted in the efficient production of hApoA-II in plasma, reaching up to 0.40 g/l in two transgenic lines. The human ApoA-II mRNA was detected at high levels, both...
Transcription of the dam gene in Escherichia coli is dependent on growth rate. Using single-copy promoter lacZYA fusions we found that of the five promoter regions which affect dam expression, only the P2 promoter shows growth-rate dependence. The determinants for growth-rate control must lie in the region -52 to +27 relative to the transcription start point.
Dietary calorie restriction, also termed energy restriction, increases mean and maximum life span, reduces the incidence of tumors and increases the mean age of onset of diseases and tumors in every animal tested. Because life-span is genetically determined, we are studying the mechanisms by which energy restriction regulates the expression of genes. We found that energy restriction reduces hepatic...
In comparing several histone H1 promoters, we have identified a highly conserved sequence element, 5 -TGTGTTA, located approx. 450-480 bp upstream from the cap site. This TG-box is a near perfect inverted repeat of the previously characterized AC-box (5 -AAACACA). The distance between these elements is also highly conserved. We performed transient transfection assays with cat gene reporter constructs...
The SPR3 gene is selectively activated only during the sporulation phase of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) life cycle. The predicted amino acid (aa) sequence has homology to microfilament proteins that are involved in cytokinesis and other proteins of unknown function. These include the products of Sc cell division cycle (CDC) genes involved in bud formation (Cdc3p, Cdc10p, Cdc11p and Cdc12p),...
Mitochondrial (mt) DNA replication is carried out by the nuclear-encoded DNA polymerase-γ (Pol-γ). We have cloned a new DNA polymerase-encoding gene from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Sp), which we believe encodes the homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) mt DNA polymerase (MIP1). The putative Sp polγ gene expressed a transcript of approx. 4-kb that contained a 3-kb open reading frame encoding...
We have isolated four non-tissue-specific helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors from Xenopus laevis (Xl). While some are clearly orthologous to known mammalian HLH proteins, others have dramatic amino-acid differences in otherwise highly conserved protein domains. We propose that these changes arose following the tetraploidization of Xl approx. 30 Myr ago.
The 5 cap (m 7 GpppN) and the poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNAs work in concert to establish an efficient level of translation in vivo. Nevertheless, several mRNAs naturally lack a cap or a poly(A) tail. Determining how these messages effectively compete for the translational machinery not only reveals alternative mechanisms for translational competence, but can also underscore similarities...
Ecto-5 -nucleotidase (NT, CD73) is a purine salvage-pathway enzyme located on the surface of various cell types, including subsets of human lymphocytes and certain leukemias and lymphomas. In addition to purine salvage, NT has proposed roles in lymphocyte maturation and activation, and its expression has been associated with the resistance of some tumor cell lines to chemotherapeutic agents. To...
von Willebrand factor (vWF), a multimeric glycoprotein important for hemostasis, is specifically synthesized in endothelial cells and in platelet precursors (megakaryocytes). Recent studies from two laboratories, including ours, were published regarding the cell-specific transcription of reporter genes controlled by the human (hu) vWF promoter in transfected bovine (bo) endothelial cells and cells...
A putative olfactory receptor-encoding gene was cloned from human genomic DNA and shown to be expressed by isolation of a full-length cDNA from olfactory tissue. A second cDNA clone was found to encode an olfactory receptor pseudogene. The expression of a pseudogene from the olfactory gene repertoire, in neurons which express only a single receptor type, implies that many neurons will be non-functional
We have previously identified the α element within the mouse H2A and H3 histone gene coding region activating sequences (CRAS). This common element is required for normal in vivo expression of these two replication-dependent genes and interacts with nuclear factor(s). Here we report that the CRAS α element is present in the coding region sequences of two other replication-dependent mouse H genes,...
Activation of thrombomodulin-encoding gene (TM) transcription in murine teratocarcinoma F9 cells occurs during differentiation in response to retinoic acid (RA) and dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP). To define regulatory elements involved in TM activation, reporter plasmids containing various lengths of the 5 flanking region of the mouse TM promoter fused to the cat gene were examined in transfected F9 cells...
A series of expression vectors have been developed which all contain an identical expression cassette comprised of the lacI q gene, the tac promoter, a multiple cloning site (MCS) and a downstream transcriptional terminator. This cassette has been inserted into four distinct plasmid backbones, each of which is from a separate incompatibility group and carries a different drug resistance gene...
The level of expression of the Cyp6a2 gene is much higher in the DDT-resistant 91-R strain than in the susceptible 91-C strain of Drosophila melanogaster (Waters et al. (1992b) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 4855-4859). To understand the role of Cyp6a2 and related genes in insecticide resistance, we have isolated and characterized two new Cyp6 genes from the 91-R strain. The polypeptides encoded...
A new locus, csgA, has been identified in a search for developmental genes transcribed by Eσ G in Bacillus subtilis. csgA has the potential to encode three small proteins, CsgAA, CsgAB and CsgAC. The latter two would be encoded by overlapping ORFs. csgA is expressed in the spore chamber of the differentiating cell and is under the control of σ G and the transcriptional regulatory...
A cDNA encoding a two-domain hemoglobin (Hb) chain of Daphnia magna was cloned and its nucleotide (nt) sequence of 1261 bp was determined. The nt sequence contained 74 bp of the leader sequence, 1047 bp of an open reading frame (ORF), and 119 bp of the 3'-untranslated region (UTR), excluding the polyadenylation tail. A sequence, AATACA, located 24 bp upstream from the polyA sequence was considered...
The epithelia of the respiratory tract are protected by a mucin glycoprotein. The expression of mucin changes when epithelia come in contact with toxic agents such as ethanol. Previously, we have identified and characterized the expression of a tracheo-bronchial mucin (TBM) gene. In the present study, we observed that ethanol regulates TBM expression at the transcription level. Ethanol enhanced the...
N-cadherin (CDH2) is a member of the cadherin family of Ca 2+ -dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules. To investigate mechanisms controlling CDH2 transcription, we isolated and analyzed a genomic DNA sequence containing 2.8 kb of 5 flanking region and the first two exons of chicken CDH2. Sequence analysis of the promoter region of CDH2 revealed no CCATT or TATA boxes, but showed a high...
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