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Originally identified as antiviral substances produced by infected cells, type I interferons (IFN-I) are now known to have a wide range of additional activities within both the innate and adaptive immune response. Here we review properties of IFN-I contributing to their ‘natural immune adjuvant’ character, and their important role for the function of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and the TLR9-dependent...
Maturation of dendritic cells (DC) can be triggered in vitro by inflammatory cytokines or Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands such as CpG or polyI:C. Corresponding, well-characterized agents which can be applied in clinical settings are sparse. We have evaluated a clinical grade, non-toxic analogue of polyI:C, poly(I:C 12 U) (Ampligen ® ), as a potential adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy,...
Cancer patients and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation exhibit a negligible response to influenza vaccine. Toward the goal of addressing this issue, we developed an in vitro model of dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy utilizing DCs generated from naïve umbilical cord blood (UCB). UCB DCs were loaded with purified rHA protein and used to stimulate autologous T-lymphocytes. Upon recall...
Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) are used as adjuvant cells in cancer immunotherapy and have shown promising results. In order to obtain full functional capacity, these DCs need to be maturated, and the current “gold standard” for this process is maturation with TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE 2 used for generating standard DCs (sDC). Several studies indicate that IFN-α might also be important...
Targeting viral vectors encoding tumor-associated antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo is likely to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic cancer vaccines. We have previously shown that genetic modification of adenovirus (Ad) 5 to incorporate CD40 ligand (CD40L) rather than native fiber allows selective transduction and activation of DCs in vitro. Here, we examine the capacity of this...
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